Los sistemas de calefacción doméstica de la villa romana La Olmeda, Palencia

The use of hypocausta in non-thermal rooms has been little studied, in fact, in almost all occasions it is associated with the domestic balnea of the villas or the public baths. But it is also frequent in the Roman villas the existence of hypocausta that provide thermal conditioning to dependencies not necessarily related to the baths of the villa. In La Olmeda some of them are indeed part of the thermal installation of the bath circuit, but most of those that have been discovered constitute only a domestic heating system, much needed, on the other hand, in these lands of long and cold winters. The objective of this article is the study of them, its description and possible evolution in Roman times, the planimetry of how they could be constituted and an approximation to its functioning. From the analysis of the obtained data it has been concluded that the characteristics and the constructive systems of the hypocausta are related to the moment of its conception depending if it was a new implantation or some of the reforms due to the own evolution of The Roman villa.El uso de hypocausta en estancias de uso no termal ha sido poco estudiado, de hecho, en casi todas las ocasiones se asocia al balnea doméstico de las villas o a las termas públicas. Pero también es frecuente en las villas romanas la existencia de hypocausta que proporcionan acondicionamiento térmico a dependencias no necesariamente relacionada con los baños de la villa. En La Olmeda algunos de ellos efectivamente forman parte de la instalación termal del circuito de baños, pero la mayor parte de los que se han descubierto constituyen únicamente un sistema calefactor doméstico, muy necesario, por otra parte, en estas tierras de inviernos largos y fríos. El objetivo de este artículo es el estudio de los mismos, su descripción y posible evolución en época romana, la planimetría de cómo pudieron estar constituidos y una aproximación a su funcionamiento. Del análisis de los datos obtenidos se ha llegado a la conclusión de que las características y los sistemas constructivos de los hypocausta están en relación con el momento de su concepción dependiendo de si se trataba de una nueva implantación o de alguna de las reformas debidas a la propia evolución de la villa romana

Evaluación de genotipos promisorios de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) en los Andes centrales de Perú

The study was carried out in the central Andes of Peru aiming to evaluate promising genotypes of dual-purpose barley (greater grain and straw yield), cultivated during the dry season. Twenty-five genotypes, of which 22 were barley mutants generated by induction from the commercial variety UNA La Molina 96 were tested. A completely randomized block design with 25 barley genotypes and 3 replications per genotype was used. The yield in grain (kg/ha) and straw (kg DM/ha) was evaluated, as well as the protein content, neutral detergent fibre and in vitro digestibility of organic matter for the straw. The genotypes that showed the best characteristics for a dual-purpose barley were UNALM 96 M6h-617, followed by UNA 80 line 525 and UNALM 96 M6h-326. No significant relationship was found between grain and straw production.El estudio se realizó en los Andes centrales del Perú con el objetivo de evaluar genotipos promisorios de cebada de doble propósito (mayor rendimiento de grano y paja), cultivados en secano. Se trabajó con 25 genotipos, de los cuales 22 fueron mutantes de cebada generados por inducción a partir de la variedad comercial UNA La Molina 96. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con 25 genotipos de cebada y 3 repeticiones por genotipo. Se evaluó el rendimiento productivo en grano (kg/ha) y paja (kg MS/ha), así como el contenido de proteína, fibra detergente neutro y digestibilidad in vitro de materia orgánica para la paja. Los genotipos que mostraron mejores características para una cebada de doble propósito fueron la UNALM 96 M6h-617, seguido de UNA 80 línea 525 y UNALM 96 M6h-326. No se encontró relación significativa entre producción de grano y de paja

Self-Medication Practices, Use of Brand-Name, and Over-the-Counter Medicines by Peruvian Older Adults

Background Older adults are a particularly vulnerable group to drug use and self-medication. The aim of the study was to evaluate self-medication as a factor associated with the purchase of brand-name and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in older adults in Peru. Methods A secondary analysis was performed using an analytical cross-sectional design of data from a nationally representative survey from 2014 to 2016. The exposure variable was self-medication, defined as the purchase of medicines without a prescription. The dependent variables were purchases of brand-name and OTC drugs, both as a dichotomous response (yes/no). Information of sociodemographic variables, health insurance, and the types of drugs purchased by the participants was collected. Crude prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated and adjusted using generalized linear models of the Poisson family, considering the complex sample of the survey. Results In this study, 1,115 respondents were evaluated, with a mean age of 63.8 years and a male proportion of 48.2%. The prevalence of self-medication was 66.6%, while the proportions of purchases of brand-name and OTC drugs were 62.4% and 23.6%, respectively. The adjusted Poisson regression analysis revealed an association between self-medication and the purchase of brand-name drugs (adjusted PR [aPR]=1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.19). Likewise, self-medication was associated with the purchase of OTC medications (aPR=1.97; 95%CI: 1.55–2.51). Conclusions This study evidenced a high prevalence of self-medication in Peruvian older adults. Two-thirds of the surveyed people bought brand-name drugs, whereas one-quarter bought OTC drugs. Self-medication was associated with a greater likelihood of buying brand-name and OTC drugs

Renal vasculitis in Colombia

A retrospective review of publications about primary vasculitis cases was performed from the Colombian medical literature, the clinical and pathological features are described.The Renal vasculitis occurred in 33.9% of cases of primary vasculitis reviewed and was more frequent in women. The main clinical, hematological, immunological variables and nephropathology and immunosuppressive treatments used findings are described

Ferromagnetic resonance for the quantification of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in biological materials

The aim of the present work is the presentation of a quantification methodology for the control of the amount of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) administered in biological materials by means of the ferromagnetic resonance technique (FMR) applied to studies both in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo study consisted in the analysis of the elimination and biodistribution kinetics of SPIONs after intravenous administration in Wistar rats. The results were corroborated by X-ray fluorescence. For the in vitro study, a quantitative analysis of the concentration of SPIONs bound to the specific AC133 monoclonal antibodies was carried out in order to detect the expression of the antigenic epitopes (CD133) in stem cells from human umbilical cord blood. In both studies FMR has proven to be an efficient technique for the SPIONs quantification per volume unit (in vivo) or per labeled cell (in vitro)