Ludopatía y consecuencias para la salud general y bucal. Una revisión de tema

El juego patológico o ludopatía es un fenómeno que ha ido en aumento, especialmente en los centros urbanos. Los individuos y grupos poblacionales que tienen esta problemática tienden a adoptar estilos de vida que propician la aparición de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Sin embargo, son escasos los procesos investigativos que permitan conocer y divulgar la información científica acerca de este fenómeno y sus consecuencias. De acuerdo con lo expresado, se plantea el objetivo de realizar una revisión de literatura que reúna la evidencia científica existente acerca de la ludopatía y las consecuencias en la salud general, para aportar información valiosa que permita orientar las acciones en materia de salud pública. Se realiza una revisión de literatura a partir de la búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed, teniendo en cuenta palabras claves y artículos publicados del año 2008 en adelante. Búsqueda en inglés. Los hallazgos muestran de manera general una relación entre la adicción patológica al juego y estilos de vida poco saludables con consecuencias relacionadas con la presencia de algunas enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en especial los trastornos de la salud mental con presencias de patologías como ansiedad, depresión y estrés, así como trastornos digestivos, sobrepeso, obesidad, dolores articulares y cardiopatías. Se presentan también deficiencias en los hábitos de higiene general y bucal, aunque no se pueden afirmar problemáticas de salud bucal debido a que falta evidencia científica suficiente.Pathological gambling or compulsive gambling is a phenomenon that has been increasing, especially in urban centers. Individuals and population groups that have this problem tend to adopt lifestyles that favor the appearance of chronic non-communicable diseases. However, there are few investigative processes that allow knowing and disseminating scientific information about this phenomenon and its consequences. In accordance with the above, the objective is to carry out a literature review that gathers the existing scientific evidence about gambling and the consequences on general health, to provide valuable information that allows guiding actions in public health. A literature review is carried out from the search in the PubMed database, taking into account keywords and articles published from 2008 onwards. Search in English. The findings generally show a relationship between pathological gambling addiction and unhealthy lifestyles with consequences related to the presence of some chronic non-communicable diseases, especially mental health disorders with the presence of pathologies such as anxiety, depression and stress, as well as digestive disorders, overweight, obesity, joint pain and heart disease. There are also deficiencies in general and oral hygiene habits, although oral health problems cannot be confirmed due to the lack of sufficient scientific [email protected]@campusucc.edu.c

Prevalencia de hallazgos en radiografias panoramicas de rutina

Las radiografías panorámicas, en combinación con un examen clínico, se utilizan habitualmente como una ayuda para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de los pacientes que requieren de una atención odontológica. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de ha- llazgos incidentales y sus características en radiografías panorámicas realizadas en pacientes atendidos en un centro radiológico de Medellín durante el 2008 y el 2009. Un total de 228 radiografías estándar fueron analizadas. La muestra fue recogida los lunes, miércoles y viernes durante el periodo mencionado. Para este análisis los investigadores fueron calibrados previamente por el radiólogo del centro de ayudas diagnósticas. De las 228 radiografías evaluadas, 219 (96%) presentaron algún tipo de alteración o patología, predominado más alteraciones de seno maxilar, con un 56%, seguidas de cornetes hipertróficos, con un 52%, séptum nasal desviado, con un 42%, y alteraciones dentales, presentando mayor frecuencia las alteraciones de posición y estructura con 53,5% y 35,5%, respectivamente. Con este estudio se puede concluir que al analizar una radiografía panorámica se encuentra una alta posibilidad de detectar anomalías y patologías tempranamente que en algunos casos no se evidencian clínicamente, así como la importancia de seguir un protocolo durante la realización de examen radiográfico para que el profesional no omita ninguna estructura o zona evidenciadas en la radiografía, con un conocimiento amplio de la normalidad de las estructuras que permita detectar algún tipo de alteración con facilidad.Panoramic radiographs, combined with clinical examinations, are commonly used as an aid to diagnosis and treatment of patients who require dental care. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of incidental findings and their characteristics in panoramic radiographs performed in patients treated at a radiology center of the city of Medellín in 2008 and 2009. A total of 228 analyzed standard radiographs obtained on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays during the years 2008 and 2009, these were analyzed by researchers who were previously calibrated by the radiologist’s diagnostic aid center. Of the 228 radiographs evaluated 219 (96%) had some kind of disturbance or pathology, dominated most sinus disorders with 56%, followed by 52% hypertrophic turbinates, deviated nasal septum with 42% and more frequent dental alterations the position and structure of 53.5% and 35.5% respectively. With this study we can conclude that the clinical staff to analyze a panoramic radiograph should be aware of the possibility of early detect abnormalities and diseases that in some cases, no clinical evidence it is also necessary to note that during the performance review Radiographic the professional should follow a protocol to not ignore any structure or area evident in the radiograph, it knew of the normality of the structures to allow any type of abnormality detected [email protected]

Sonrisas brillantes para el Colegio Caminos de Paz

La caries dental es una patología de alta prevalencia a nivel mundial, que se presenta con mayor frecuencia en la población de menor estrato socioeconómico. Objetivo: Implementar una estratégia educativa en salud bucal en niños y niñas del Colegio Caminos de Paz sede Llanaditas Medellín Colombia. Metodología: se realizó un estudio de intervención, en la primera fase se realizó un diagnóstico que incluyó exámenes clínicos bucales a través de índice de placa Silness y Loe e ICDAS a 36 niños y niñas, y encuestas a 24 padres de familia de niños del grado tercero de primaria de la institución educativa, en la segunda fase se realizó una intervención educativa a los niños, padres y profesores. La información fue analizada mediante software IBM SPSS 25 a través de un análisis descriptivo univariado y bivariado. Resultados: se encontró un índice de placa deficiente (88.89%), prevalencia de caries del 71,4%, se presentó más prevalencia de caries en niños cuyos padres tienen un grado de escolaridad básica primaria (50%), el 75% de los padres afirman haber llevado a consulta odontológica a su hijo durante el último año .Conclusión: se tiene una alta prevalência de caries en la población y es necesario reforzar el desarrollo de prácticas en higiene oral en niños y padres de família.Introduction: The dental caries is a pathology of high prevalence worldwide, that occurs more frequently in the lowest socioeconomic stratum. Objective: Implement an educative oral health strategy in boys and girls of the Caminos de la Paz School of Llanaditas of Medellín, Colombia. Methodology: An study of intervention was made from a diagnose that includes oral clinical exams from an index of plaques of Silness and Loe and ICDAS to 36 boys and girls, and polls to 24 parents of kids from third grade of the elementary school from the educational institution. Later, a educational intervention was made for the children, the information was analyzed through an IBM SPSS 25 software by a varied and bivariate descriptive analysis. Results: It was found and index of deficient plaque (88. 89%), prevalence of the caries of the 71, 4%, it was presented more prevalence of caries in children whose parents have a primary basic education level (50%), the 75% of the parents claim to have taken their children to an odontologic consultation during the last year. Conclusion: It has a high prevalence of caries in the population and its needed to reinforce the development of practices in oral hygiene on children and [email protected]@[email protected]@campusucc.edu.cocaterine.pulgarint@[email protected]

Evaluación de las competencias de los egresados de odontología de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia sede Medellín desde la perspectiva de los empleadores.

Las posibilidades de empleo hoy en día se basan en la capacitación profesional y en las posibilidades de adaptación a un entorno laboral cambiante, contexto especialmente importante en Colombia que tiene una de las tazas de desempleo más altas del mundo. En el campo de la odontología se presenta una sobreoferta laboral con respecto a la demanda reflejándose en un desempleo creciente y que tienden a aumentar en algunos años. El presente estudio evalúo las competencias y habilidades laborales de los egresados y los requerimientos actuales para un mejor ingreso al mundo laboral. Para esto se realizó un estudio descriptivo con empleadores de clínicas odontológicas públicas y privadas que tuvieran egresados de la facultad. Los empleadores consideran que los odontólogos egresados de la Facultad reúnen las competencias requeridas para el trabajo en sus clínicas. En relación a los aspectos de mayor fortaleza referidos se tienen la aplicación de estándares éticos y legales en la atención dental, habilidades en procedimientos restauradores, habilidades para el manejo de tratamiento en cirugía oral simple y compleja, el diagnostico, identificación y manejo de enfermedades pulpares y peri radiculares. Es necesario profundizar en aspectos administrativos, trabajo comunitario y estética dental. Dentro de las problemáticas actuales de la profesión se encuentra la sobreoferta odontológica y la desvalorización del trabajo.Employment opportunities today are based on professional capacity and the possibility of adapting to a changing work environment, which is especially important in Colombia given it has one of the highest unemployment rates in the world. In the field of Dentistry, the labor oversupply relative to demand reflects in said unemployment rates that tends to increase every couple of years. The study evaluated professional competence and abilities of incoming workforce as well as actual requirements for a better entry to such. For this, a descriptive study was carried out with employers of public and private odontology clinics that had new employees from the faculty. The employers consider that the incoming odontologists that graduated from said faculty meet the requirements to work at their clinics. It is necessary to dive deeper into the administrative aspects, community work, and dental aesthetics. Among the current problems of the dentistry profession, we find the dental oversupply and devaluation of dentistry [email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]@campusucc.edu.c

Psychological distress and its correlates among dental students: a survey of 17 Colombian dental schools

Background: Links between the demanding nature of studies in the health sciences, students’ personality traits and psychological distress have been well-established. While considerable amount of work has been done in medicine, evidence from the dental education arena is sparse and data from Latin America are lacking. The authors conducted a large-scale investigation of psychological distress among dental students in Colombia and sought to determine its curriculum and student-level correlates. Methods: The Spanish version of the Derogatis’ Symptoms Checklist Revised (SCL-90-R) was administered to all students officially registered and attending classes or clinics in 17 dental schools in 4 geographic districts of Colombia between January and April 2012. Additional information was collected on participants’ socio-demographic information and first career choice, as well as school’s characteristics such as class size. The Global Severity Index (GSI) score, a measure of overall psychological distress, served as the primary analytical endpoint. Analyses relied on multilevel mixed-effects linear and log-binomial regression, accounting for study design and sample characteristics. Results: A total of 5700 dental students completed the survey, a response rate of 67%. Pronounced gradients were noted in the association between socio-economic status and psychological distress, with students in higher strata reporting fewer problems. After adjustment for all important covariates, there was an evident pattern of increasing psychological distress corresponding to the transition from the didactic, to the preclinical and clinical phases of training, with few differences between male and female students. Independent of other factors, reliance on own funds for education and having dentistry as the first career choice were associated with lower psychological distress. Conclusions: Levels of psychological distress correlated with students’ socio-economic and study-level characteristics. Above and beyond the influence of person-level factors, variations in levels of distress paralleled specific transitional stages of the 5-year dental curriculum, providing opportunities for targeted interventions

Measurement of χc1_{c1}(3872) production in proton-proton collisions at s \sqrt{s} = 8 and 13 TeV

International audienceThe production cross-section of the χ$_{c1}$(3872) state relative to the ψ(2S) meson is measured using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 2.0 and 5.4 fb$^{−1}$, respectively. The two mesons are reconstructed in the J/ψπ$^{+}$π$^{−}$ final state. The ratios of the prompt and nonprompt χ$_{c1}$(3872) to ψ(2S) production cross-sections are measured as a function of transverse momentum, p$_{T}$, and rapidity, y, of the χ$_{c1}$(3872) and ψ(2S) states, in the kinematic range 4 < p$_{T}$< 20 GeV/c and 2.0 < y < 4.5. The prompt ratio is found to increase with p$_{T}$, independently of y. For the prompt component, the double ratio of the χ$_{c1}$(3872) and ψ(2S) production cross-sections between 13 and 8 TeV is observed to be consistent with unity, independent of p$_{T}$ and centre-of-mass energy.[graphic not available: see fulltext

Study of Z Bosons Produced in Association with Charm in the Forward Region

International audienceEvents containing a $Z$ boson and a charm jet are studied for the first time in the forward region of proton-proton collisions. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $6$ $fb^{-1}$ collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the LHCb detector. In events with a $Z$ boson and a jet, the fraction of charm jets is determined in intervals of $Z$-boson rapidity in the range $2.0 < y(Z) < 4.5$. A sizable enhancement is observed in the forward-most $y(Z)$ interval, which could be indicative of a valence-like intrinsic-charm component in the proton wave function

Observation of an exotic narrow doubly charmed tetraquark

International audienceConventional, hadronic matter consists of baryons and mesons made of three quarks and a quark–antiquark pair, respectively$^{1,2}$. Here, we report the observation of a hadronic state containing four quarks in the Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment. This so-called tetraquark contains two charm quarks, a $\overline{{{{{u}}}}}$ and a $\overline{{{{{d}}}}}$ quark. This exotic state has a mass of approximately 3,875 MeV and manifests as a narrow peak in the mass spectrum of D$^{0}$D$^{0}$π$^{+}$ mesons just below the D$^{*+}$D$^{0}$ mass threshold. The near-threshold mass together with the narrow width reveals the resonance nature of the state

Identification of charm jets at LHCb

International audienceThe identification of charm jets is achieved at LHCb for data collected in 2015–2018 using a method based on the properties of displaced vertices reconstructed and matched with jets. The performance of this method is determined using a dijet calibration dataset recorded by the LHCb detector and selected such that the jets are unbiased in quantities used in the tagging algorithm. The charm-tagging efficiency is reported as a function of the transverse momentum of the jet. The measured efficiencies are compared to those obtained from simulation and found to be in good agreement

Study of the doubly charmed tetraquark Tcc+T_{cc}^+

An exotic narrow state in the $D^0D^0\pi^+$ mass spectrum just below the $D^{*+}D^0$ mass threshold is studied using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$ acquired with the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The state is consistent with the ground isoscalar $T^+_{cc}$ tetraquark with a quark content of $cc\bar{u}\bar{d}$ and spin-parity quantum numbers $\mathrm{J}^{\mathrm{P}}=1^+$. Study of the $DD$ mass spectra disfavours interpretation of the resonance as the isovector state. The decay structure via intermediate off-shell $D^{*+}$ mesons is confirmed by the $D^0\pi^+$ mass distribution. The mass of the resonance and its coupling to the $D^{*}D$ system are analysed. Resonance parameters including the pole position, scattering length, effective range and compositeness are measured to reveal important information about the nature of the $T^+_{cc}$ state. In addition, an unexpected dependence of the production rate on track multiplicity is observed