20 research outputs found

    New York: "The new frontier"

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    “On which side?” : James Weldon Johnson's autobiography of an ex-colored man

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    "Community and love: understanding the past in Toni Morrison's Beloved"

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    “What does it mean to be a man?”: codes of black masculinity in Toni Morrison’s paradise and love

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    Within the debate over the representation of contemporary Black masculinity, Morrison has played a pioneering role, especially in two of her novels –Paradise (1998) and Love (2003)– where her intervention in this debate has become deeply influential due to not only her incisive portrayal of the figure of the patriarch and the devastating effects of the institution of patriarchy on the African American family and community, but also because she has shaped “alternative masculinities,” or diverse embodiments of what it actually means to be a Black man nowadays. Morrison is bent on changing their representation by providing plural models of masculinity, which necessarily take into account other identity markers such as sexuality, class, politics, etc, in an attempt at deconstructing a monolithic or essentialist view of African American masculinity.Dentro del debate sobre la representación de la masculinidad negra contemporánea, Morrison ha jugado un papel pionero, especialmente en dos de sus novelas –Paraíso (1998) y Amor (2003)– en las que su intervención en este debate ha resultado muy infl uyente debido no sólo a su retrato incisivo de la fi gura del patriarca y de los devastadores efectos de la institución del patriarcado en la familia y comunidad afro-americanas; sino también porque ha diseñado “masculinidades alternativas,” o diversas formas de lo que signifi ca ser un hombre negro en la actualidad. La intención de Morrison es cambiar esa representación ofreciendo modelos plurales de masculinidad, que tomen en cuenta otras señas de identidad como son la sexualidad, la clase, la política, etc, en un intento por deconstruir una visión monolítica o esencialista de la masculinidad afro-americana

    El papel de la mujer negra como conservadora y creadora de cultura en 'Sassafrass, Cypress & Indigo'

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    Dentro del contexto literario afro-americano, se ha prestado gran atención al significado e importancia del papel de la mujer negra en la sociedad actual. Ntozake Shange en su novela Sassafrass, Cypress & índigo analiza este papel desde el punto de vista de la dicotomía que se establece entre la tradición espiritual africana y los modernos modelos materialistas de interpretar la significación cultural de esta figura. Un profundo sentido de tradición permea las vidas y acciones de cada una de las mujeres que aparecen en la novela, que son presentadas como mujeres creativas y fuertes, muy conscientes de su propia femineidad y con un claro sentido de comunidad. Shange explora esta celebración de lo femenino y su relación con la producción cultural e intelectual: la potencialidad de crear vida se hermana con la potencialidad de creación artística. Siendo capaces de reconciliar tradición y modernidad en sí mismas, estas mujeres adquieren una categoría casi mítica ya que se convierten en portavoces de la mujer negra como potencial conservadora y creadora de cultura.Within the Afro-American literary context, a great deal of attention has been paid to the meaning and import of the black woman's role in present society. Ntozake Shange in her novel Sassafrass, Cypress & Indigo analyses this role from the point of view of the dichotomy established between the African spiritual tradition and modern materialist modes of interpreting the cultural significance of this figure. A deep sense of tradition permeates each of the four main characters' lives and actions, who are presented as strong, creative women well aware of their womanhood and endowed with a clear sense of community. Shange explores this open celebration of womanhood and its relationship to cultural and intellectual production: the potentiality of creating life runs parallel to the fulfilment of their artistic qualities. Being capable of reconciling tradition and modernity in themselves, these women acquire a quasi-mythic height in the sense that they become mouthpieces for every black woman as potential «récipient» and «maker» of culture.Le rôle de la femme noire ainsi que conservatrice et créatrice de la culture dans Sassafrass, Cypress & Indigo par Ntozake Shange. Dans le contexte littéraire afro-américain, on a spécialement souligné la signification et l'importance du rôle de la femme noire dans la société actuelle. Ntozake Shange dans son roman Sassafrass, Cypress & Indigo analyse ce rôle du point de vue de la dichotomie qui s'établit entre la tradition spirituelle africaine et les nouvelles formes matérialistes d'interpréter la signification culturelle de ce modèle de femme. Un sens profond de tradition imprègne les vies et les actions de chacune de ces femmes qui apparaisent dans le roman, et qui sont présentées telles que créatrices et fortes, très conscientes de leur propre féminité et douées d'un sens clair de communauté. Shange explore cette célébration du féminin et sa relation avec la production culturelle et intelectuelle: la possibilité de création de vie fraternise avec celle de la création artistique. Étant capables de reconcilier tradition et modernité par soi-mêmes, ces femmes acquièrent une catégorie presque mythique en devenant porte-paroles de la femme noire comme potentiel de conservation et création de la culture

    Black Female Bodies on (Dis)Play: Commodification, Reembodyment and Healing

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    El artículo se centra en la búsqueda de modelos alternativos para las identidades y cuerpos femeninos negros que desafían las imagénes sexualizadas y racializadas impuestas históricamente. Para contrarrestar ese legado denigratorio y traumático, tres novelas son especialmente relevantes: las clásicas Sassafrass, Cypress & Indigo de Ntozake Shange (1982) y Bailey’s Café de Gloria Naylor (1992), y una publicación más reciente Home de Toni Morrison (2012). Estas novelas examinan esos cuerpos e identidades como lugares para la auto-representación, el empoderamiento y la sanación, tanto física como psíquica. Deconstruyendo las ideologías racistas y sexistas, estos trabajos finalmente señalan el camino para reconstituir los cuerpos femeninos negros en una nueva política del cuerpo negro que reta a la exclusión y comodificación a la que han sido sometidos históricamente, y facilita la construcción de identidades alternativas no-hegemónicas.The articles focuses on the search for alternative models for black female identities and bodies which challenge sexualized and racialized images historically imposed onto them. To counteract this historical denigrating and traumatic legacy, three novels are especially relevant: the classic Sassafrass, Cypress & Indigo by Ntozake Shange (1982) and Bailey’s Café by Gloria Naylor (1992), and a more recent publication Home by Toni Morrison (2012). These novels examine those bodies and identities as sites for self-representation, empowerment and healing, both physical and psychic. Dismantling racist and sexist ideologies, these works ultimately signal the way to reconstitute black female bodies in a newly devised politics of the black body that defies the exclusion and commodification to which they have been historically subjected, and facilitates the shaping of alternative non-hegemonic identities

    Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (N-RAS) deficiency aggravates liver injury and fibrosis.

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    Progressive hepatic damage and fibrosis are major features of chronic liver diseases of different etiology, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully defined. N-RAS, a member of the RAS family of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins also encompassing the highly homologous H-RAS and K-RAS isoforms, was previously reported to modulate cell death and renal fibrosis; however, its role in liver damage and fibrogenesis remains unknown. Here, we approached this question by using N-RAS deficient (N-RAS-/-) mice and two experimental models of liver injury and fibrosis, namely carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication and bile duct ligation (BDL). In wild-type (N-RAS+/+) mice both hepatotoxic procedures augmented N-RAS expression in the liver. Compared to N-RAS+/+ counterparts, N-RAS-/- mice subjected to either CCl4 or BDL showed exacerbated liver injury and fibrosis, which was associated with enhanced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and leukocyte infiltration in the damaged liver. At the molecular level, after CCl4 or BDL, N-RAS-/- livers exhibited augmented expression of necroptotic death markers along with JNK1/2 hyperactivation. In line with this, N-RAS ablation in a human hepatocytic cell line resulted in enhanced activation of JNK and necroptosis mediators in response to cell death stimuli. Of note, loss of hepatic N-RAS expression was characteristic of chronic liver disease patients with fibrosis. Collectively, our study unveils a novel role for N-RAS as a negative controller of the progression of liver injury and fibrogenesis, by critically downregulating signaling pathways leading to hepatocyte necroptosis. Furthermore, it suggests that N-RAS may be of potential clinical value as prognostic biomarker of progressive fibrotic liver damage, or as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic liver disease
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