Technology of wire electrical discharge machining

Táto práca sa zaoberá praktickým využitím technológie elektroerozívneho obrábania drôtovou elektródou (WEDM), ktoré patrí do skupiny metód elektroerozívneho obrábania. Vo svojej práci som sa zameral na výrobu strižnice postupového nástroja vyrábaného v spoločnosti FOR MIX s.r.o. Trenčín. Strižnicu je možné považovať za typického výrobkového predstaviteľa z výrobného programu uvedenej spoločnosti. V praktickej časti diplomovej práce podrobnejšie rozoberám technologické a nákladové aspekty elektroiskrového drôtového obrábania v konkrétnych podmienkach spoločnosti FOR MIX s.r.o..This thesis talk about practical application of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), which belongs to electro-erosion machining methods. This thesis is focused on the production of cutting dies produced by company FOR MIX s.r.o. Trenčín. We can consider the cutting die as a typical product of company´s product program. In the practical part of this diploma thesis, there is detail of technological aspects and operating costs for wire electrical discharge machining technology in specific condition of company FOR MIX s.r.o.

Belt conveyor for a coarse fraction of cement

Táto bakalárska práca sa zaoberá manipuláciou sypkého materiálu pri výrobe cementu, na linke od veterného triediča do cementového mlyna. Cieľom tejto bakalárskej práce je konštrukčný návrh vodorovného pásového dopravníka, dopravujúceho hrubú frakciu cementu. Vstupné parametre boli definované firmou Cemmac a.s. nasledovne: – prepravované množstvo 120 000 kg.h-1 – rýchlosť prepravovaného materiálu 1 m.s-1 – celková dĺžka dopravníka 30 m Podľa normy ČSN ISO 5048 som navrhol jednotlivé prvky dopravníka. K práci je priložená vybraná časť výkresovej dokumentácie.This bachelor´s thesis deals with the handling of bulk materials in the cement production, on the line from the air separator into the cement mills . The aim of this thesis is engineering design of horizontal belt conveyor, transporting the coarse fraction of cement. Input data was defined by company Cemmac a.s. follows: – transported quantity of 120 000 kg.h-1 – speed of transported material 1 ms-1 – Total length of the conveyor 30 m According to CSN ISO 5048 , I suggested various elements of the conveyor. The selected part of drawings are join to this bachelors thesis.

Drosophila Insulin receptor regulates the persistence of injury-induced nociceptive sensitization

Diabetes-associated nociceptive hypersensitivity affects diabetic patients with hard-to-treat chronic pain. Because multiple tissues are affected by systemic alterations in insulin signaling, the functional locus of insulin signaling in diabetes-associated hypersensitivity remains obscure. Here, we used Drosophila nociception/nociceptive sensitization assays to investigate the role of Insulin receptor (Insulin-like receptor, InR) in nociceptive hypersensitivity. InR mutant larvae exhibited mostly normal baseline thermal nociception (absence of injury) and normal acute thermal hypersensitivity following UV-induced injury. However, their acute thermal hypersensitivity persists and fails to return to baseline, unlike in controls. Remarkably, injury-induced persistent hypersensitivity is also observed in larvae that exhibit either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Cell type-specific genetic analysis indicates that InR function is required in multidendritic sensory neurons including nociceptive class IV neurons. In these same nociceptive sensory neurons, only modest changes in dendritic morphology were observed in the InRRNAi-expressing and diabetic larvae. At the cellular level, InR-deficient nociceptive sensory neurons show elevated calcium responses after injury. Sensory neuron-specific expression of InR rescues the persistent thermal hypersensitivity of InR mutants and constitutive activation of InR in sensory neurons ameliorates the hypersensitivity observed with a type 2-like diabetic state. Our results suggest that a sensory neuron-specific function of InR regulates the persistence of injury-associated hypersensitivity. It is likely that this new system will be an informative genetically tractable model of diabetes-associated hypersensitivity

Integrin Adhesions Suppress Syncytium Formation in the Drosophila Larval Epidermis

Funding Information: We thank members of M.J.G.’s lab for comments; Jodie Polan for confocal assistance; Guy Tanentzapf, Andreas Wodarz, and Talila Volk, for fly stocks/antibodies; the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, the Vienna Drosophila RNAi Center, and the Kyoto stock center for fly strains; and the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank for antibodies. This work was supported by a March of Dimes Basil O’Connor Award (5-FY06-588) and NIH R01 GM083031 to M.J.G., NIH R01 GM084103 to J.L.K., and European Research Council Starting Grant (2007-StG-208631) to A.J. Publisher Copyright: © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Integrins are critical for barrier epithelial architecture. Integrin loss in vertebrate skin leads to blistering and wound healing defects. However, how integrins and associated proteins maintain the regular morphology of epithelia is not well understood. We found that targeted knockdown of the integrin focal adhesion (FA) complex components β-integrin, PINCH, and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) caused formation of multinucleate epidermal cells within the Drosophila larval epidermis. This phenotype was specific to the integrin FA complex and not due to secondary effects on polarity or junctional structures. The multinucleate cells resembled the syncytia caused by physical wounding. Live imaging of wound-induced syncytium formation in the pupal epidermis suggested direct membrane breakdown leading to cell-cell fusion and consequent mixing of cytoplasmic contents. Activation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, which occurs upon wounding, also correlated with syncytium formation induced by PINCH knockdown. Further, ectopic JNK activation directly caused epidermal syncytium formation. No mode of syncytium formation, including that induced by wounding, genetic loss of FA proteins, or local JNK hyperactivation, involved misregulation of mitosis or apoptosis. Finally, the mechanism of epidermal syncytium formation following JNK hyperactivation and wounding appeared to be direct disassembly of FA complexes. In conclusion, the loss-of-function phenotype of integrin FA components in the larval epidermis resembles a wound. Integrin FA loss in mouse and human skin also causes a wound-like appearance. Our results reveal a novel and unexpected role for proper integrin-based adhesion in suppressing larval epidermal cell-cell fusion - a role that may be conserved in other epithelia.publishersversionpublishe

Tachykinin acts upstream of autocrine Hedgehog signaling during nociceptive sensitization in Drosophila

Pain signaling in vertebrates is modulated by neuropeptides like Substance P (SP). To determine whether such modulation is conserved and potentially uncover novel interactions between nociceptive signaling pathways we examined SP/Tachykinin signaling in a Drosophila model of tissue damage-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity. Tissue-specific knockdowns and genetic mutant analyses revealed that both Tachykinin and Tachykinin-like receptor (DTKR99D) are required for damage-induced thermal nociceptive sensitization. Electrophysiological recording showed that DTKR99D is required in nociceptive sensory neurons for temperature-dependent increases in firing frequency upon tissue damage. DTKR overexpression caused both behavioral and electrophysiological thermal nociceptive hypersensitivity. Hedgehog, another key regulator of nociceptive sensitization, was produced by nociceptive sensory neurons following tissue damage. Surprisingly, genetic epistasis analysis revealed that DTKR function was upstream of Hedgehog-dependent sensitization in nociceptive sensory neurons. Our results highlight a conserved role for Tachykinin signaling in regulating nociception and the power of Drosophila for genetic dissection of nociception

Dispersal and larval hosts of the zigzag sawfly Aproceros leucopoda (Hymenoptera) in Slovakia, Central Europe

Background and purposeThe zigzag elm sawfly, Aproceros leucopoda (Hymenoptera), originating from Asia is being considered as one of the major pests of elm trees (Ulmus spp.) within Europe where it was first recorded in 2003. Recent investigations document the fast spread of this invasive species in many European countries. In Slovakia, A. leucopoda was first recorded in 2009 but its occurrence here has not been reported since 2009. Herein, we summarize the data from the two consecutive years about the current distribution of A. leucopoda and its hosts in Slovakia, Central Europe, focusing on infestation of elm trees by this successful invader in different altitudes.Material and methodsIn 2014 and 2015 the investigations of A. leucopoda were conducted at 101 different plots across the country. At each plot, characteristic symptoms of leaf damage, occurrence of larvae, cocoons or adults were recorded along with the geographical coordinates and the altitude, and the host trees of A. leucopoda were identified at the species level. The distribution map of A. leucopoda was drawn using the field data. The infestation of elm trees along the altitudinal gradient was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric analysis of variance followed by post-hoc Dunn\u27s test for multiple comparisons.Results and conclusionsThe zigzag elm sawfly A. leucopoda was observed at 31 plots (30.7%, n = 101). In elm trees examined, generally, a low level of infestation by this pest was observed. A. leucopoda was found at plots between 107 and 701 m a.s.l. The result show that the infestation level of elm trees was decreasing with increasing altitude. Although we had only a small sample of data, we assume that the altitude has a significant effect on distribution of this pest. The field elm (Ulmus minor Mill.) was the most frequently utilized host. Data collected document the establishment of this successful invader in Slovakia.</p

Live imaging of wound inflammation in Drosophila embryos reveals key roles for small GTPases during in vivo cell migration

Aa robust inflammatory response to tissue damage and infection is conserved across almost all animal phyla. Neutrophils and macrophages, or their equivalents, are drawn to the wound site where they engulf cell and matrix debris and release signals that direct components of the repair process. This orchestrated cell migration is clinically important, and yet, to date, leukocyte chemotaxis has largely been studied in vitro. Here, we describe a genetically tractable in vivo wound model of inflammation in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo that is amenable to cinemicroscopy. For the first time, we are able to examine the roles of Rho-family small GTPases during inflammation in vivo and show that Rac-mediated lamellae are essential for hemocyte motility and Rho signaling is necessary for cells to retract from sites of matrix– and cell–cell contacts. Cdc42 is necessary for maintaining cellular polarity and yet, despite in vitro evidence, is dispensable for sensing and crawling toward wound cues

The Influence Of Avena Sativa Extract On Redox Processesand Fatty Acid Composition Of Lipids In Geese Tissues

The use of antioxidants in bird feeding helps to eliminate the harmful influence of negative factors of various etiologies. Feeding down the natural antioxidant additives has a number of advantages if compared with traditional synthetic additives. In the grass of common oat, in addition to known bioflavonoids, there were found more compound matters of phenol nature - avenantramids, which were characterized with 10-30 times higher antioxidant activity than other natural antioxidants. The purpose of this research was to find out the influence of the extract of common oat Avene Satíva on the state of the redox system and the fatty acid composition of the lipids of liver and heart tissues and skeletal muscle of the geese. In the day-old age, according to the principle of analogues, 2 groups of geese (control and experimental) were formed, each of them consisted of 26 birds. The aqueous solution of oat extract was added to the standard diet of the experimental group of geese from the 7th till the 56th day. This interval in the ontogenesis of geese includes periods of physiological stress due to the formation of a contour and juvenile feathers. The effectiveness of the Krebs cycle was evaluated by the activity of its dehydrogenases, antioxidant system was evaluated by the composition of the end products of lipids peroxide oxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. At the same time, the fatty acid composition of lipids as a substrate of biological and peroxide oxidation was determined in these tissues. Coincidently, the live weight and the formation of the geese coat were controlled. It was established that oat extract stabilized the redox system of geese during the whole period of the experiment in all studied tissues. From the 28th day, the antioxidant activity of the tissues of liver and myocard of the experimental group of geese was significantly higher. At the end of the experiment, the unsaturation of fatty acids, which is defined as the total equivalent concentration of relatively multiple bonds, increased by 11.7% in the liver, by 7.22% - in the myocardium, due to the increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, primarily arachidonic (by 29.2% and 21.5% respectively), and in the liver the increase of docosahexaenoic acid was also observed (by 34.2%). The comparative analysis of the state of coat in the investigated groups of geese indicated the significant differences and confirms better results of the geese of the experimental groups. Thus, it is proposed to conduct similar research on wild species of birds, for which the state of feather coat plays a vital role

ОБВОДНЕННОСТЬ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИХ МАСЕЛ ДЛЯ АВИАЦИОННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ

The article presents the analysis of aviation synthetic oils watering, as one of the most important factors affecting the engine wear of aircraft equipment, as well as the quality of oils during storage and use. Cause-and-effect relationship between the change of operational properties of synthetic aviation oils and their watering, as well as the influence of oil watering on flight safety are disclosed.В статье представлен анализ обводненности авиационных синтетических масел как одного из важнейших факторов, влияющих на износ деталей двигателя авиационной техники, а также на качество масел в процессе хранения и применения. Раскрыты причинно-следственные связи между изменением эксплуатационных свойств авиационных синтетических масел и их обводненности, влияние обводненности масел на безопасность полетов

Cell wound repair in Drosophila occurs through three distinct phases of membrane and cytoskeletal remodeling

Single-cell wound repair in Drosophila involves mechanistically distinct expansion, contraction, and closure phases