Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (HADS) en cuidadores primarios informales de pacientes con cáncer: propiedades psicométricas.

Introduction: Symptoms of anxiety and depression are some of the major mental health problems in caregivers affecting quality of life. Valid and reliable screening instruments such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has made possible the detection of possible cases of depression and anxiety. However, the psychometric properties of this instrument have not been documented in caregivers in the Mexican population. Objetives: Determine the psychometric properties of the HADS in a sample of caregivers in the Mexican population. Materials and Methods: 200 caregivers from the National Cancer Institute participated, of which 65.5% were women and 34.5% men, with a mean age of 47.4 ± 14.1 years. Participants completed concurrently the HADS and Zarit Burden Interview. Results: A factor analysis to two factors explained 42.05% of the variance with 14 items on two factors. The internal consistency of the overall scale was satisfactory (α=0.83). Cronbach’s alphas for each subscale were .78 and .82. The concurrent validity assessed by way of correlations with concurrent measures showed significant associations (Pearson r=0.41-0.64, p<0.05). Conclusions: The HADS has adequate cons­truct validity, internal consistency and concu­rrent validity for use in caregivers of cancer patients from the Mexican population. The relevance of the results is that this is a popu­lation that can require mental health care in stages of care for patients with cancer.Introducción: la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva son parte de los principales problemas de salud mental en cuidadores primarios informales afectando su calidad de vida. A través de instrumentos de tamizaje válidos y confiables como la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (HADS) ha sido posible detectar posibles casos. Sin embargo, hasta ahora no se habían caracterizado las propiedades psicométricas en cuidadores primarios informales de pacientes con cáncer en población mexicana. Objetivo: determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la HADS en una muestra de cuidadores primarios informales. Material y Método: Participaron 200 pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, de los cuales 65,5% eran mujeres y 34,5% hombres; la edad promedio fue de 47,4 ± 14,1 años. Los participantes contestaron además del HADS la escala de carga de Zarit. Resultados: El análisis factorial presentó dos factores con los 14 reactivos originales. La consistencia interna de la escala global mostró un índice satisfactorio (α=0,83). Los alfas de Cronbach de cada subescala tuvieron un valor de 0,82 y 0,78 que explican el 42,58% de la varianza. La validez por medio de correlación con las medidas concurrentes mostraron resul­tados significativos (r de Pearson de 0,41-0,64, p<0,05). Conclusiones: La HADS en cuidadores pri­marios de pacientes con cáncer en población mexicana presentó adecuadas características psicométricas. La relevancia de los resultados obtenidos radica en que se trata de una po­blación que puede llegar a requerir atención oportuna en salud mental en diferentes etapas del cuidado de pacientes con cáncer

Efectos de intervenciones psicológicas en sobrevivientes de cáncer: una revisión..

Introduction: During the past decades early detection and effective cancer treatments have produced an increase in the number of cancer survivors. This represents a large group of patients susceptible to psychological, physical and social impairments after cancer treatment.Objective: To review the literature on the effects of psychological therapies in the management of psychological and / or somatic symptoms of cancer survivors. Method: A review of the literature reported in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and MedicLatina Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection in the period January 2009 to December 2013 was conducted. Results: 24 articles were identified. Only 22 met the selection criteria; in 2 cases no access to the full articles was obtained, so only 19 were included. Statistically significant effects were identified in sleep difficulties, emotional symptoms, fatigue, quality of life, and post menopausal symptoms. Effect sizes were mostly small to moderate ranging from 0.00 - 1.40.Conclusions: The effects of most psychological interventions were positive whether independent or in combination with other treatment modalities. Interventions via telephone and online therapeutic modalities also showed positive results.Introducción: Durante las últimas décadas la detección temprana y tratamientos eficaces contra el cáncer han producido un aumento en el número de supervivientes de cáncer. Lo que representa un amplio grupo de pacientes susceptibles de presentar afectaciones psicológicas, físicas y sociales posteriores al tratamiento oncológico.Objetivo: Hacer una revisión de la literatura sobre los efectos de las terapias psicológicas en el manejo de aspectos psicológicos y/o síntomas de los supervivientes de cáncer. Método: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura reportada en MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, MedicLatina y Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection en el periodo de Enero de 2009 a Diciembre de 2013.Resultados: Se identificaron 24 artículos. Solo 22 cumplieron con los criterios de selección, en 2 casos no se tuvo acceso a los artículos completos, por lo que solo se incluyeron 19. Se identificaron efectos estadísticamente significativos en afectaciones del sueño, bienestar emocional, fatiga, calidad de vida, y síntomas post menopáusicos; y tamaños del efecto entre 0,00 -1,40.Conclusiones: Los efectos de la mayoría de las intervenciones psicológicas fueron positivos tanto en modalidad única como en combinación con otras modalidades de tratamiento así como las intervenciones telefónicas y modalidades terapéuticas en línea

Effects of psychological interventions in cancer survivors: A review

Introduction: During the past decades early detection and effective cancer treatments have produced an increase in the number of cancer survivors. This represents a large group of patients susceptible to psychological, physical and social impairments after cancer treatment.Objective: To review the literature on the effects of psychological therapies in the management of psychological and / or somatic symptoms of cancer survivors. Method: A review of the literature reported in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and MedicLatina Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection in the period January 2009 to December 2013 was conducted. Results: 24 articles were identified. Only 22 met the selection criteria; in 2 cases no access to the full articles was obtained, so only 19 were included. Statistically significant effects were identified in sleep difficulties, emotional symptoms, fatigue, quality of life, and post menopausal symptoms. Effect sizes were mostly small to moderate ranging from 0.00 - 1.40.Conclusions: The effects of most psychological interventions were positive whether independent or in combination with other treatment modalities. Interventions via telephone and online therapeutic modalities also showed positive results.</p

Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) in informal primary caregivers of cancer patients: psychometric properties

Introduction: Symptoms of anxiety and depression are some of the major mental health problems in caregivers affecting quality of life. Valid and reliable screening instruments such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has made possible the detection of possible cases of depression and anxiety. However, the psychometric properties of this instrument have not been documented in caregivers in the Mexican population. Objetives: Determine the psychometric properties of the HADS in a sample of caregivers in the Mexican population. Materials and Methods: 200 caregivers from the National Cancer Institute participated, of which 65.5% were women and 34.5% men, with a mean age of 47.4 ± 14.1 years. Participants completed concurrently the HADS and Zarit Burden Interview. Results: A factor analysis to two factors explained 42.05% of the variance with 14 items on two factors. The internal consistency of the overall scale was satisfactory (α=0.83). Cronbach’s alphas for each subscale were .78 and .82. The concurrent validity assessed by way of correlations with concurrent measures showed significant associations (Pearson r=0.41-0.64, p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The HADS has adequate cons­truct validity, internal consistency and concu­rrent validity for use in caregivers of cancer patients from the Mexican population. The relevance of the results is that this is a popu­lation that can require mental health care in stages of care for patients with cancer.</p

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Propiedades psicométricas del EPIC-Función Sexual en hombres mexicanos

Antecedentes. La función sexual masculina es una interacción compleja de diversos factores psicológicos, neurogénicos y vasculares. Una interrupción en cualquier parte de este proceso conduce a una disfunción sexual. En México, la disfunción sexual afecta a entre 30 y 35% de los varones, por lo que es necesario contar con un instrumento válido y confiable que mida la funcionalidad sexual en esta población. Objetivo. Determinar las propiedades psicométricas del Índice Compuesto para el Cáncer de Próstata (EPIC) para la valoración sexual en hombres mexicanos. Método. Estudio transversal, instrumental y no experimental en el que participaron 206 hombres. Instrumentos. Índice Compuesto Expandido para Función Sexual y la Evaluación Funcional de Enfermedades Crónicas en Población General. Resultados. Se obtuvo para el instrumento una consistencia interna de .93 y una varianza explicada de 67.6%. El análisis factorial confirmatorio arrojó un modelo de dos factores (Funcionalidad sexual y Malestar sexual), con índices que sugieren estabilidad y ajuste. Discusión. La versión mexicana del EPIC tiene confiabilidad y validez adecuadas, siendo su estructura factorial similar a la de la escala original, por lo que se recomienda para la práctica clínica y la investigación, a la vez que se sugiere emplearlo en varones con diversas afectaciones sexuales

Resiliencia en mujeres con cáncer de mama

Capítulo de libro AMEPSO 2021La psicología de la salud se interesa en estudiar a la paciente con cáncer de mama por considerar que atraviesa una condición de adversidad que acarrea repercusiones variadas en su calidad de vidaCONACYT- beca doctorad

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts