Una experiencia de diseño curricular en torno a la variación conjunta

Se presentan aspectos de una experiencia de diseño curricular, vivida en el marco de un programa de desarrollo profesional. Esta experiencia implicó diseñar, implementar y analizar un conjunto de talleres que pretendían involucrar a los estudiantes en el reconocimiento y estudio de un fenómeno de variación conjunta que sirve de referencia a otro un poco más abstracto. A través del artículo el lector podrá reconocer el camino transitado, las rutas no abordadas, los diferentes obstáculos que tuvimos que superar y las decisiones que tomamos, al enfrentar dichas tareas, por demás poco usuales en nuestra labor docente

Competitividad local de la horticultura en Santa Maria JaJalpa, municipio de Tenango Del valle, Estado de Mexico

La horticultura en Santa Maria Jajalpa no alcanza el nivel de competitividad exigido por el mercado nacional e internacional. Sin embargo los productores utilizan los recursos naturales disponibles y los ingresos aportados por el trabajo externo para mantener la producción de hortalizas. Esta actividad económica es desarrollada por los integrantes de la familia y peones, la producción se destina al consumo y para la venta en el mercado local y a los intermediarios. En el estudio se analizan fuentes estadísticas, documentales y la información obtenida por medio de un cuestionario aplicado en unidades de producción seleccionadas.La horticultura en Santa Maria Jajalpa no alcanza el nivel de competitividad exigido por el mercado nacional e internacional. Sin embargo los productores utilizan los recursos naturales disponibles y los ingresos aportados por el trabajo externo para mantener la producción de hortalizas. Esta actividad económica es desarrollada por los integrantes de la familia y peones, la producción se destina al consumo y para la venta en el mercado local y a los intermediarios. En el estudio se analizan fuentes estadísticas, documentales y la información obtenida por medio de un cuestionario aplicado en unidades de producción seleccionadas

Environmental effects on phlebotominae sand flies (Diptera:Phychodidae) and implications for sand fly vector disease transmission in Corrientes city, northern Argentina

We evaluated species richness, abundance, alpha diversity, and true diversity of Phlebotominae sand flies temporal changes in domiciles within the northern Argentina city of Corrientes. A total of 16 sampling nights were conducted seasonally throughout the years 2012-2014 through light traps supplemented with CO2. Meteorological and remote sensing environmental factors were used to assessed for vectors implications in disease transmission through Generalized Mixt Models. Lutzomyia longipalpis was the most abundant and common species, followed by Nyssomyia neivai and Migonemyia migonei. Lutzomyia longipalpis was more abundant in urban areas, Ny. neivai was associated with vegetation in periurban areas, both were found all sampling years with higher abundance during the rainy season. Positive association of Lu. longipalpis with precipitation and relative humidity and negative association with temperature were observed. Models showed humidity and vegetation as making effects on Lu. longipalpis abundance. Precipitation was significant for Mg. migonei models, with higher abundance in periurban and periurban-rural environments. For Ny. neivai models, relative humidity was the most important variable, followed by precipitation frequency. Our findings led to identify high risk areas and develop predictive models. These are useful for public health stakeholders giving tolls to optimized resources aim to prevent leshmaniasis transmission on the area.Fil: Estallo, Elizabet Lilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Santana, Mirta Sara. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Investigación. Área de Bioestadística; ArgentinaFil: Martín, Mía Elisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Galindo, Liliana María. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Investigación. Área de Bioestadística; ArgentinaFil: Willener, Juana Alicia. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional. Área de Entomología; ArgentinaFil: Kuruc, Jorge A.. Secretaría de Salud de la Nación. Base Nacional de Control de Vectores Corrientes; ArgentinaFil: Stein, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional. Área de Entomología; Argentin

Determination of indinavir in human plasma and its use in pharmacokinetic study

Foi desenvolvido e validado um novo método, sensível, exato e preciso por Cromatografia a Líquido de Alta Eficiência com detecção em UV para a determinação do sulfato de indinavir (IND) em plasma humano. O fármaco foi extraído do plasma através de extração líquido-líquido obtendo recuperação média de 73.9%, com limite inferior de quantificação de 0.05 µg/mL. O método foi aplicado em estudo de farmacocinética para verificar a bioequivalência entre um novo medicamento genérico e seu produto de referência. A bioequivalência entre os produtos foi determinada calculando-se um intervalo de confiança (IC) de 90% para a razão das médias do produto teste e referência compreendidas entre o intervalo de 0.80-1.25 proposto pela ANVISA e O FDA. Os produtos estudados são bioequivalentes e, portanto, intercambiáveis.We report the development and validation of a new sensitive, accurate and precise HPLC method with ultraviolet detection for the determination of indinavir sulfate (IND) in human plasma and its application to a bioequivalence study of a new generic formulation. The extraction of IND from plasma samples was achieved by using liquid-liquid extraction with a mean recovery of 73.9%. The lower limit of quantification was 0.05 µg/mL. Bioequivalence between the products was determined by calculating 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the ratio of Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-inf values for the test and reference products, within the 0.80-1.25 interval proposed by ANVISA and FDA. Therefore the medications are bioequivalent and inter-exchangeable

Desenvolvimento e validação de um método para quantificação de norfloxacino por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e aplicação a estudo de farmacocinética comparada em voluntários humanos

The development and validation of a simple and accurate method based on HPLC with ultraviolet detection for the quantification of norfloxacin (NFX) in human plasma and its application to a bioequivalence study between two norfloxacin formulations is described. NFX and the internal standard (cyprofloxacin) were extracted from plasma using liquid-liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation of norfloxacin, cyprofloxacin and plasma interferents was achieved with a C-18 column and a mobile phase consisting of 20 mM sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer pH 3.0 and acetonitrile (88:12, v/v) and quantitation was done at 280 nm. The method was linear from 25 to 3000 ng mL-1 (r² >; 0.997578), and norfloxacin and cyprofloxacin had an average recovery from plasma of 93.9% and 91.2% respectively. The RSD of inter-day quality control samples at the lower limit of quantification was less than 15%. After a single oral dose (400 mg) of norfloxacin administered to healthy human volunteers using a randomized 2x2 crossover design, pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-t, AUC0-;¥;, Cmax, t1/2) were derived from the plasma concentration curves for both formulations. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the data showed that the two formulations were bioequivalent, while no adverse reactions to the drug were observed.O desenvolvimento e validação de um método simples e preciso por CLAE-UV para quantificação de norfloxacino (NFX) em plasma humano e a sua aplicação a um estudo de bioequivalência entre duas formulações são descritos. NFX e o padrão interno (ciprofloxacino, PI) foram extraídos do plasma através de extração líquido-líquido. A separação cromatográfica do NFX, do PI e dos interferentes do plasma foi realizada com uma coluna C-18 e fase móvel composta de tampão fosfato de sódio 20 mM pH 3,0 e acetonitrila (88/12, v/v) e quantificado em 280 nm. A resposta do detector aos analitos mostrou-se linear entre 25 a 3000 ng mL-1 (r² >; 0,997578) e a recuperação média de NFX e PI foi de 93,9% e 91,2% respectivamente. O desvio padrão relativo de amostras analisadas ao nível do limite inferior de quantificação foi menor que 15%. Foi administrada uma dose de NFX (400 mg) por via oral a voluntários humanos em um estudo aberto, aleatório e cruzado 2x2 entre duas formulações. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos (AUC0-t, AUC0-;¥;, Cmáx, T1/2) foram observados a partir da curva de concentração versus tempo. A análise farmacocinética mostrou que as duas formulações são bioequivalentes entre si. Nenhum efeito adverso foi observado

Metronidazole thermogel improves retention and decreases permeation through the skin

Metronidazole (MTZ) is widely used as the standard antibiotic for the treatment of rosacea and, more recently, is being used off label in Brazilian hospitals for the treatment of wounds. Following oral administration, minimal amounts of active agent reaches the skin and side effects are strongly induced. Consequently, MTZ is currently being applied topically in order to improve the therapeutic efficacy with reduced side effects, with Rozex(r) (RZ) (an MTZ gelled formulation) being the only marketed product. This study examined whether the use of MTZ 0.75% from thermogel formulations could improve drug retention and reduce dermal exposure compared to that by Rozex(r). Following a 21 h permeation study, the highest total amount of MTZ permeated through the rat healthy and disturbed skin was seen with Rozex(r), but similar to all formulations regardless of the skin condition. On the other hand, the amount retained in the epidermis/dermis was larger for thermogel formulations; at least 4 fold that of Rozex(r), when the stratum corneum was present as a barrier. In conclusion, thermogel formulations can be favorable alternatives to Rozex(r) for the topical application of MTZ with improved efficacy and reduced side effects

Activity, a variable in the time : University of peace and reconciliation in 12 Commune of Medellín

La investigación indagó la relación entre actividad y tiempo, proponiendo cuatro categorías teóricas como hipótesis que, permiten el desarrollo en el proyecto arquitectónico en una Ciudad Universitaria en Medellín: Forma constante, Muerte, Arquitectura móvil y Contenedor. Esto ya que, la arquitectura contemporánea no presta atención a la vida útil del proyecto, es decir, en la actualidad, el objetivo de la disciplina está en proyectar espacios que perduren eternamente, omitiendo el tiempo como estrategia de composición. A partir de esto, la indagación abordó la composición del proyecto arquitectónico desde la definición formal de la relación actividad / tiempo. La investigación agrupo las reflexiones teóricas en un encargo que propicia y evidencia la actividad, el tiempo y el proyecto arquitectónico: una Ciudad Universitaria en la Comuna 12 de Medellín. El proceso metodológico, fue basado en tres aspectos: analizar, analogar y componer. Un proceso cíclico en el que, fue necesario analizar modelos paradigmáticos para componer y componer para analizar. La analogía proyectual al momento de analizar develó lógicas formales, para después asumir estrategias y operaciones relacionadas con el tiempo y la actividad. Los resultados de la investigación no están orientados en ofrecer instrumentos para lograr la permanencia en la eternidad, en cambio propone una postura consiente de la relación entre actividad y tiempo, para demostrar las reflexiones teóricas sobre la actividad y el tiempo en la composición de una Ciudad UniversitariaThe investigation inquired the association between activity and time in the architectural project in a University Campus in Medellín, since, contemporary architecture excludes this relation in the design process. In other words, at present, the discipline objective is to project spaces that will last forever, omitting time as a compositional strategy. From this, the research addressed the composition of the architectural project from the formal definition of the activity / time association. Grouping the study in a commission that promotes and demonstrates the activity, time and architectural project: A University Campus in the Commune 12 of Medellín. The methodological process was based on three aspects: analyze, analogy and compose. A cyclical process in which it is necessary to analyze paradigmatic models to compose and compose to analyze. The project analogy showed formal logics at the analyzing, then assume strategies and operations applied in the composition. The results of the research are not oriented to offer instruments to achieve permanence in eternity, instead proposes a conscientious position of the relationship between activity and time, to demonstrate the theoretical reflections on the activity and time in the composition of a University Campus