On the evaluation codes given by simple d-sequences

Plane valuations at infinity are classified in five types. Valuations in one of them determine weight functions which take values on semigroups of Z2. These semigroups are generated by δ-sequences in Z2. We introduce simple δ-sequences in Z2 and study the evaluation codes of maximal length that they define. These codes are geometric and come from order domains. We give a bound on their minimum distance which improves the Andersen–Geil one. We also give coset bounds for the involved codes

Las pruebas extraprocesales en asuntos de propiedad industrial

La Decisión Andina 486 de 2000 reguló varias medidas relacionadas con la observancia y protección de los derechos de propiedad industrial. Sin embargo, dicha decisión dejó de lado la regulación de medidas relacionadas con el recaudo probatorio de elementos requeridos para acreditar una potencial infracción. El presente artículo busca exponer la forma en que la práctica colombiana ha atendido estas medidas a través del mecanismo de las pruebas extraprocesales, y llamar la atención sobre la posible necesidad de regular lo propio a través del derecho andino

Las pruebas extraprocesales en asuntos de propiedad industrial: reflexiones desde la práctica colombiana y la perspectiva andina

Andean Decision 486 of 2000 incorporated several provisions related to the enforcement and protection of industrial property rights. However, said enactment did not regulate measures for gathering evidence of infringement. This paper aims to show how the Colombian practice has addressed these measures by means of Prelitigation Discovery Motions and how there is a possible need to regulate this matter under Andean Law.La Decisión Andina 486 de 2000 reguló varias medidas relacionadas con la observancia y protección de los derechos de propiedad industrial. Sin embargo, dicha decisión dejó de lado la regulación de medidas relacionadas con el recaudo probatorio de elementos requeridos para acreditar una potencial infracción. El presente artículo busca exponer la forma en que la práctica colombiana ha atendido estas medidas a través del mecanismo de las pruebas extraprocesales, y llamar la atención sobre la posible necesidad de regular lo propio a través del derecho andino

The Gondwana connections of northern Patagonia

A multidisciplinary study (U–Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe geochronology, Hf and O isotopes in zircon, Sr and Nd isotopes in whole-rocks, as well as major and trace element geochemistry) has been carried out on granitoid samples from the area west of Valcheta, North Patagonian Massif, Argentina. These confirm the Cambrian age of the Tardugno Granodiorite (528 ± 4 Ma) and the Late Permian age of granites in the central part of the Yaminué complex (250 Ma). Together with petrological and structural information for the area, we consider a previously suggested idea that the Cambrian and Ordovician granites of northeastern Patagonia represent continuation of the Pampean and Famatinian orogenic belts of the Sierras Pampeanas, respectively. Our interpretation does not support the hypothesis that Patagonia was accreted in Late Palaeozoic times as a far-travelled terrane, originating in the Central Transantarctic Mountains, and the arguments for and against this idea are reviewed. A parautochthonous origin is preferred with no major ocean closure between the North Patagonian Massif and the Sierra de la Ventana fold belt.Centro de Investigaciones GeológicasConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica

Utilización de hábitat por reptiles en estados sucesionales de selvas tropicales de Campeche, México

This study documents patterns of habitat use by reptiles in low and medium height tropical forest in three successional stages: less than 10 years old, between 10 and 25 years old, and mature (>30 years old) forests. The investigation took place between April 1997 and January 1998 in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, Campeche, Mexico. Sampling took place throughout one year period to include the three predominant seasons in the region: dry, wet and nortes. To avoid sampling biases, we used complementary methods: direct search in transects and outside transects, and trapping. We used multivariate and ordination techniques to identify trends in habitat use. Once that patterns of habitat use were identified, we used analysis of variance to test differences in abundance. We identified 10 species with high abundance, inhabiting at least in five of the six treatments, which were used to compare differences between preserved and disturbed sites.Este estudio documenta la utilización de hábitat por reptiles en selvas mediana y baja, con tres estados sucesionales: menor de 10 años, entre 10 y 25 años y selvas maduras (> 30 años). La investigación se llevó a cabo entre abril de 1997 y enero de 1998 en la Reserva de la Biosfera Calakmul, Campeche, México. Los muestreos se realizaron a lo largo de un año para incluir las tres estaciones climáticas predominantes en la región: nortes, secas y lluvias. Utilizamos métodos complementarios de muestreo: búsqueda directa en transectos y fuera de ellos, y muestreo con trampas, para evitar sesgos. La información recabada se analizó mediante técnicas multivariadas y de ordenación, para identificar tendencias o afinidades de las especies hacia cierto estado de la vegetación. Se encontraron 10 especies en mayor abundancia y representación en al menos 5 de los 6 tratamientos, que fueron utilizadas para comparar las diferencias entre los sitios conservados de los perturbados

A history of Proterozoic terranes in southern South America: From Rodinia to Gondwana

The role played by Paleoproterozoic cratons in southern South America from the Mesoproterozoic to the Early Cambrian is reconsidered here. This period involved protracted continental amalgamation that led to formation of the supercontinent Rodinia, followed by Neoproterozoic continental break-up, with the consequent opening of Clymene and Iapetus oceans, and finally continental re-assembly as Gondwana through complex oblique collisions in the Late Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian. The evidence for this is based mainly on a combination of precise U-Pb SHRMP dating and radiogenic isotope data for igneous and metamorphic rocks from a large area extending from the Rio de la Plata craton in the east to the Argentine Precordillera in the west and as far north as Arequipa in Peru. Our interpretation of the paleogeographical and geodynamic evolution invokes a hypothetical Paleoproterozoic block (MARA) embracing basement ultimately older than 1.7 Ga in the Western Sierras Pampeanas (Argentina), the Arequipa block (Peru), the Rio Apa block (Brazil), and probably also the Paraguaia block (Bolivia).Centro de Investigaciones Geológica

Structure of the Campo de Dalías from gravimetric and seismic data

The analysis of new gravity data and multichannel seismic profiles of the Campo de Dalías give new insight about the main features of the deep structure. The progressive development since the Tortonian of folds determine the location of a large ENE-WSW elongated depocentre in a synform located at the central area, bordered by two antiforms situated respectively southwards, near the coast line, and northwards, in the Sierra de Gádor. Folding increase at depth and minor folds are also recognised in the limbs of the major folds. The faults in the region have relatively short slips and most of them have not clear expression in the geophysical dat

Characterization of Pulmonary Metastases in Children With Hepatoblastoma Treated on Children\u27s Oncology Group Protocol AHEP0731 (The Treatment of Children With All Stages of Hepatoblastoma): A Report From the Children\u27s Oncology Group.

Purpose To determine whether the pattern of lung nodules in children with metastatic hepatoblastoma (HB) correlates with outcome. Methods Thirty-two patients with metastatic HB were enrolled on Children\u27s Oncology Group Protocol AHEP0731 and treated with vincristine and irinotecan (VI). Responders to VI received two additional cycles of VI intermixed with six cycles of cisplatin/fluorouracil/vincristine/doxorubicin (C5VD), and nonresponders received six cycles of C5VD alone. Patients were imaged after every two cycles and at the conclusion of therapy. All computed tomography scans and pathology reports were centrally reviewed, and information was collected regarding lung nodule number, size, laterality, timing of resolution, and pulmonary surgery. Results Among the 29 evaluable patients, only 31% met Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) for measurable metastatic disease. The presence of measurable disease by RECIST, the sum of nodule diameters greater than or equal to the cumulative cohort median size, bilateral disease, and ≥ 10 nodules were each associated with an increased risk for an event-free survival event ( P = .48, P = .08, P = .065, P = .03, respectively), with nodule number meeting statistical significance. Ten patients underwent pulmonary resection/metastasectomy at various time points, the benefit of which could not be determined because of small patient numbers. Conclusion Children with metastatic HB have a poor prognosis. Overall tumor burden may be an important prognostic factor for these patients. Lesions that fail to meet RECIST size criteria (ie, those \u3c 10 mm) at diagnosis may contain viable tumor, whereas residual lesions at the end of therapy may constitute eradicated tumor/scar tissue. Patients may benefit from risk stratification on the basis of the burden of lung metastatic disease at diagnosis

The Arequipa Massif of Peru: new SHRIMP and isotope constraints on a Paleoproterozoic inlier in the Grenvillian orogen

The enigmatic Arequipa Massif of southwestern Peru is an outcrop of Andean basement that underwent Grenville-age metamorphism, and as such it is important for the better constraint of Laurentia–Amazonia ties in Rodinia reconstruction models. U–Pb SHRIMP zircon dating has yielded new evidence on the evolution of the Massif between Middle Paleoproterozoic and Early Paleozoic. The oldest rock-forming events occurred in major orogenic events between ca. 1.79 and 2.1 Ga (Orosirian to Rhyacian), involving early magmatism (1.89–2.1 Ga, presumably emplaced through partly Archaean continental crust), sedimentation of a thick sequence of terrigenous sediments, UHT metamorphism at ca. 1.87 Ga, and late felsic magmatism at ca. 1.79 Ga. The Atico sedimentary basin developed in the Late-Mesoproterozoic and detrital zircons were fed from a source area similar to the high-grade Paleoproterozoic basement, but also from an unknown source that provided Mesoproterozoic zircons of 1200–1600 Ma. The Grenville-age metamorphism was of low-P type; it both reworked the Paleoproterozoic rocks and also affected the Atico sedimentary rocks. Metamorphism was diachronous: ca. 1040 Ma in the Quilca and Camana areas and in the San Juan Marcona domain, 940 ± 6 Ma in the Mollendo area, and between 1000 and 850 Ma in the Atico domain. These metamorphic domains are probably tectonically juxtaposed. Comparison with coeval Grenvillian processes in Laurentia and in southern Amazonia raises the possibility that Grenvillian metamorphism in the Arequipa Massif resulted from extension and not from collision. The Arequipa Massif experienced Ordovician–Silurian magmatism at ca. 465 Ma, including anorthosites formerly considered to be Grenvillian, and high-T metamorphism deep within the magmatic arc. Focused retrogression along shear zones or unconformities took place between 430 and 440 Ma.Centro de Investigaciones Geológica