74 research outputs found
Attraction of Acorn-Infesting \u3ci\u3eCydia Latiferreana\u3c/i\u3e (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Pheromone-Baited Traps
Males of acorn-infesting Cydia latiferreana are attracted to an equilibrium mixture of the four isomers of 8, 10-dodecadien-l-ol acetate, the virgin female-produced pheromone. Trap height relative to the height of trees in which traps are placed seems to be a significant factor influencing moth catches at attractant-baited traps. In an oak woodlot and in an oak nursery, catches of male moths were greater in traps placed near the upper periphery of the canopy than at traps deployed at lower levels in the tree. Practical application of pheromone-baited traps in a forest situation will require further study on lure formulation and on trap deployment under forest conditions
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Can preferential credit programs speed up the adoption of low-carbon agricultural systems in Mato Grosso, Brazil? Results from bioeconomic microsimulation
The need to balance agricultural production and environmental protection shifted the focus of Brazilian
land-use policy toward sustainable agriculture. In 2010,
Brazil established preferential credit lines to finance
investments into low-carbon integrated agricultural systems
of crop, livestock and forestry. This article presents a
simulation-based empirical assessment of integrated system
adoption in the state of Mato Grosso, where highly
mechanized soybeanâcotton and soybeanâmaize doublecrop
systems currently prevail. We employ bioeconomic modeling to explicitly capture the heterogeneity of farm level costs and benefits of adoption. By parameterizing and validating our simulations with both empirical and experimental data, we evaluate the effectiveness of the ABC Integration credit through indicators such as land-use change, adoption rates and budgetary costs of credit provision. Alternative scenarios reveal that specific credit conditions might speed up the diffusion of low-carbon agricultural systems in Mato Grosso
Looking âbeyond the factory gatesâ:towards more pluralist and radical approaches to intra-organizational trust research
The aim of this paper is to suggest new avenues for trust research by critiquing the extant literature on this topic. We analyze the most influential research on intra-organizational trust from the perspective of a classic industrial sociology framework from the 1970s â Alan Foxâs work on frames of reference and trust dynamics. Our analysis of intra-organizational trust studies leads us to three conclusions. Firstly, the large majority of intra-organizational trust research has strong unitarist underpinnings, which support a managerial agenda that is potentially detrimental to employeesâ and (indeed managersâ) long-term interests. Secondly, most of this research fails to explain how trust in organizations is embedded in societal and field level institutions, hence it would benefit from looking âbeyond the factory gatesâ for a more complete understanding of trust dynamics in organizations. In this connection, we argue that Foxâs pluralist and radical perspectives, which are under-represented in intra-organizational trust research, could provide new lines of inquiry by locating internal trust relations in a wider institutional context. Thirdly, Foxâs explanation of how low and high trust dynamics in organizations are embedded in wider society may help address the concerns about under-socialized, endogenous explanations and open the way for structure-agency analyses of building, maintaining and repairing intra-organizational trust
Is the northern high-latitude land-based CO2 sink weakening?
Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles 25 (2011): GB3018, doi:10.1029/2010GB003813.Studies indicate that, historically, terrestrial ecosystems of the northern high-latitude region may have been responsible for up to 60% of the global net land-based sink for atmospheric CO2. However, these regions have recently experienced remarkable modification of the major driving forces of the carbon cycle, including surface air temperature warming that is significantly greater than the global average and associated increases in the frequency and severity of disturbances. Whether Arctic tundra and boreal forest ecosystems will continue to sequester atmospheric CO2 in the face of these dramatic changes is unknown. Here we show the results of model simulations that estimate a 41 Tg C yrâ1 sink in the boreal land regions from 1997 to 2006, which represents a 73% reduction in the strength of the sink estimated for previous decades in the late 20th century. Our results suggest that CO2 uptake by the region in previous decades may not be as strong as previously estimated. The recent decline in sink strength is the combined result of (1) weakening sinks due to warming-induced increases in soil organic matter decomposition and (2) strengthening sources from pyrogenic CO2 emissions as a result of the substantial area of boreal forest burned in wildfires across the region in recent years. Such changes create positive feedbacks to the climate system that accelerate global warming, putting further pressure on emission reductions to achieve atmospheric stabilization targets.This study was supported through grants
provided as part of the Arctic System Science Program (NSF OPPâ
0531047), the North American Carbon Program (NASA NNG05GD25G),
and the Bonanza Creek LongâTerm Ecological Program (funded jointly by
NSF grant DEBâ0423442 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station grant PNW01âJV11261952â231)
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