Suppressing Unwanted Autobiographical Memories Reduces Their Automatic Influences: Evidence from Electrophysiology and an Implicit Autobiographical Memory Test

The present study investigated the extent to which people can suppress unwanted autobiographical memories in a mock crime memory detection context. Participants encoded sensorimotor-rich memories by enacting a lab crime (stealing a ring) and received direct suppression instructions so as to evade guilt detection in a brainwave-based concealed information test. Aftereffects of suppression on automatic memory processes were measured in an autobiographical implicit association test (aIAT). Results showed that suppression attenuated brainwave activity (P300) that is associated with crime-relevant memory retrieval, rendering innocent and guilty/suppression participants indistinguishable. However, guilty/suppression and innocent participants could nevertheless be discriminated via the late posterior negative slow wave, which may reflect the need to monitor response conflict arising between voluntary suppression and automatic recognition processes. Lastly, extending recent findings that suppression can impair implicit memory processes; we provide novel evidence that suppression reduces automatic cognitive biases that are otherwise associated with actual autobiographical memories

Micro- and secondary nutrients in Missouri

Cover title."Sept. 1977."This publication follows closely the mimeographed publication written by A.L. Preston and Marshall Christy titled "Function, need, use for Missouri soils of zinc, iron, boron, manganese, magnesium and molybdenum" and distributed in 1969."--P.1

Producing practical uses for biodiesel byproducts through the conversion of glycerol [abstract]

Abstract only availableWith biofuels such as biodiesel and ethanol becoming increasingly popular alternatives to fossil fuels in our society, the question becomes one of economics. The production technologies are quickly becoming available, but how can biofuels be efficiently and cleanly produced with limited waste? This is a question this research aims to answer; by finding methods of converting glycerol, the waste byproduct of biodiesel production, into chemicals that benefit society and no longer make biodiesel a cost prohibitive option. Glycerol is a simple 3-carbon chain molecule bearing a hydroxyl group on each carbon atom. The reaction to produce biodiesel yields a minimum of 10% glycerol by mass, which has flooded the world market and will continue to due so in the future in both Europe and the United States. Through various dehydration, hydrogenation, and oxidation reaction mechanisms, this research is working on ways to turn this surplus of waste product into valuable chemicals such as propylene glycol, acrylic acid, and other platform chemicals to be used by many different industries. The research focuses on catalytic processes with high yields and selectivities towards high value products and low selectivities towards toxic byproducts such as ethylene glycol. From a chemical engineering perspective, operating conditions are another key aspect of finding an industrial viable process. We focus on operating conditions below 300°C and relatively low pressures Turning a waste byproduct into a valuable product means a benefit to consumers on both ends; biodiesel is made more affordable, and products such as non-toxic antifreeze and health and cosmetic products become more affordable and available.College of Engineering Undergraduate Research Optio

EXAFS study of nickel tetracarbonyl and nickel clusters in zeolite Y

Adsorption and thermal decomposition of Ni(CO)4 in the cage system of zeolite Y have been studied with EXAFS, electron microscopy and IR spectroscopy , Ni(CO)4 is adsorbed as an intact molecule in both cation - free zeolite Y and NaY. Symmetry changes of the molecule in NaY are assigned to the formation of Na—OC-IMi bridges. Thermal treatment of the Ni(CO)4/NaY adduct leads to loss of CO concomitant with the formation of a binodal Ni phase. A major part of the forms clusters with diameter between 0.5 and about 1.5 nm, in addition to larger crystallites (5-30 nm), sticking at the outer surface of the zeolite matrix., The Ni-Ni scattering amplitude indicates increasing average particle size with increasing temperature

Effects of Manipulating Protein and Phosphorus Nutrition of Feedlot Cattle on Nutrient Management and the Environment

Feedlot nutrition will play a role in meeting challenges such as nutrient management. Nitrogen and phosphorus are two nutrients that are currently studied in this context. One nutritional method is formulating diets not to exceed requirements for nitrogen and phosphorus. Requirements are different for calves and yearlings. The requirements also change during the finishing period. Phosphorus requirements have not been extensively studied for feedlot cattle between 270 and 600 kg. Therefore, P requirements studies were conducted to determine the P requirement of calves (265 kg) and yearlings (385 kg). The requirement was not detected with P levels as low as 0.14 (yearlings) and 0.16% (calves) of diet DM based on performance and bone ash. Compared to NRC-predicted P requirements, P intakes ranged from 76 to 190% (calves) and 71 to 162% (yearlings). In separate nutrient balance experiments, decreasing dietary P to NRC-predicted requirements (0.22 to 0.28%) did not influence gain but decreased P input by 33 to 45% and excretion by 40 to 50% compared to the industry average (0.35% P). The metabolizable protein (MP) system was recently adopted and may allow more accurate diet formulation for protein, thereby decreasing N excretion. Compared to the industry average (13.5% CP) and formulation with the CP system, using the NRC model and phase-feeding not to exceed MP requirements over the feeding period decreased N inputs by 10 to 20% for calves and yearlings without affecting ADG. Decreasing N inputs led to a concomitant decrease in N excretion (12 to 21%) and volatilization (15 to 33%) in open-dirt feedlot pens. Nitrogen losses are variable with time of year, with averages of 60 to 70% of excreted N lost during the summer months and 40% lost from November to May feeding periods. Protein requirements are continually being refined as more research data are collected. However, formulation to meet and not exceed protein requirements and removal of P supplements are important nutritional management options to help feedlots become more environmentally sustainable

Evaluation of the Water Footprint of Beef Cattle Production in Nebraska

Data were compiled on feed usage to model the amount of water needed to produce beef in typical Nebraska production systems. Production systems where cows were wintered on corn residue utilized 18% less water than systems utilizing native range as a wintering source, because of water allocations. Therefore, the water footprint (gallons of water required to produce one pound of boneless meat) was decreased by 18%. In addition, increasing the dietary inclusion of distillers grains from 0% to 40% decreased the water footprint in the finishing phase by 29%, again based on water allocation. Utilizing corn residue and distillers grains in Nebraska beef cattle systems decreases the overall water footprint of production. Additionally, the water footprint of the systems analyzed was 80% green water as rain, minimizing the environmental impact of beef production on freshwater use and ecological water balance

Productie- en handelsdata voor fytosanitair beleid : inventarisatie ten behoeve van risicomanagement

Ter onderbouwing van fytosanitair risicomanagement zijn betrouwbare gegevens noodzakelijk. In dit onderzoek is aangegeven welke gegevens gewenst zijn in relatie tot bepaalde vragen met fytosanitaire achtergrond, waar deze gegevens te vinden zijn en aan welke eisen de gegevens voldoen. In grote lijnen gaat het om drie hoofdthema's: importgegevens vanwege risico's op insleep van organismen; exportgegevens vanwege economische belangen en mogelijke fytosanitaire problemen; gegevens van Nederlandse productie in verband met risico's op verspreiding van organismen en economische belangen. Ten slotte zijn aanbevelingen gedaan om te komen tot een gestructureerde gegevensverzameling in de toekoms