Propuesta de virtualización de servidores con Hyper-V en el centro de datos de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la UNAN-Managua

La importancia del crecimiento en la potencia de cómputo y la existencia de problemas relacionados con el uso del hardware, ha hecho de la virtualización la solución más idónea para resolver tales dificultades, dentro de sus propósitos se encuentran hacer uso eficiente de los recursos y disminuir el costo total asociado a los mismos. Este trabajo de investigación fue realizado con la finalidad de proponer una solución para la virtualización servidores. La virtualización es una tecnología que permite la creación de equipos, basados en software, que reproducen el ambiente de una máquina física en sus aspectos de CPU, memoria, almacenamiento y entrada y salida de dispositivos. Se limita a trabajar básicamente con Hyper-V con el fin de acotar y definir la solución de virtualización , debido a la numerosa cantidad de soluciones que existen actualmente, como lo son VMware, Cytrix, entre otros. El enfoque principal se encontrará relacionado principalmente a la virtualización de servidores, a la disposición de Hyper-V para trabajar en cluster y al tipo de cluster que se puede implementar. El objetivo general de este trabajo es entonces, proponer una solución para efectuar la virtualización ya manera explicativa se describe como trabaja un cluster de alta disponibilidad con Hyper-V para efectuar tareas de migración de maquinas virtuales, empleando técnicas propias que vienen incorporadas en el software, como Live Migration ó Quick Migration que facilitan de gran forma la gestión y administración del entorno virtual. También se describirá brevemente los detalles técnicos para la implementación del centro de datos, la disposición de las áreas funcionales, el diagrama de distribución y otros parámetros importantes a tenerse en cuenta para disponer de un centro de datos confiable

Combating subclonal evolution of resistant cancer phenotypes

Metastatic breast cancer remains challenging to treat, and most patients ultimately progress on therapy. This acquired drug resistance is largely due to drug-refractory sub-populations (subclones) within heterogeneous tumors. Here, we track the genetic and phenotypic subclonal evolution of four breast cancers through years of treatment to better understand how breast cancers become drug-resistant. Recurrently appearing post-chemotherapy mutations are rare. However, bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing reveal acquisition of malignant phenotypes after treatment, including enhanced mesenchymal and growth factor signaling, which may promote drug resistance, and decreased antigen presentation and TNF-α signaling, which may enable immune system avoidance. Some of these phenotypes pre-exist in pre-treatment subclones that become dominant after chemotherapy, indicating selection for resistance phenotypes. Post-chemotherapy cancer cells are effectively treated with drugs targeting acquired phenotypes. These findings highlight cancer's ability to evolve phenotypically and suggest a phenotype-targeted treatment strategy that adapts to cancer as it evolves

A Comparison of the lichen floras of four locations in the Intermountain Western United States

The Intermountain Region of the western United States has a rich and diverse lichen flora. Various research projects have examined the lichen communities of this region. This study compares the lichen floras of four Intermountain Area locations, Dinosaur National Monument, Utah and Colorado; the Gila Wilderness Area, New Mexico; the Manti La Sal National Forest, Utah; and the San Juan – Rio Grande National Forest, Colorado. A total of 392 species in 122 genera have been identified from these four general locations. The San Juan – Rio Grande National Forest has the highest number of species (313 species in 109 genera). The Dinosaur National Monument and the Manti La Sal National Forest lichen floras were dominated by crustose species; a condition typical of many Intermountain Area locations; however, the Gila Wilderness Area and San Juan – Rio Grande National Forest were dominated by foliose species. Substrate distribution patterns for all four sites indicated a preponderance of saxicolous species. In addition, a total of 69 pollution sensitive indicator species were identified from the four study areas of which 16 species were common to all 4 locations. The relatively high percentage of pollution sensitive species at all study areas generally suggests that air pollution-related impact on this area has been minimal

A Checklist of the Lichens of the Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County, Utah, USA

The lichen flora of the extreme northeastern corner of the Mojave Desert was investigated during the spring of 2009. Collections were made from five sites on the Beaver Dam Slope in Washington Co., Utah, including the privately owned Lytle Ranch Preserve. We have identified 41 lichen-forming fungal species in 23 genera, including 30 saxicolous, 7 terricolous, and 4 corticolous taxa; including, 16 species recorded from Utah for the first time and 10 new records for the Mojave Desert. This study provides a baseline for documenting the distribution of common and sensitive lichen communities along a transition zone between the Mojave Desert, Great Basin, and Colorado Plateau. Key words: Lichens, floristics, Beaver Dam Slope, Mojave Desert

Teuvoa, a new lichen genus in Megasporaceae (Ascomycota: Pertusariales), including Teuvoa junipericola sp nov.

The relationship of Aspicilia uxoris within Megasporaceae is assessed within a phylogenetic context. 'Aspicilia' uxoris and other related species are recovered as sister to the genus Lobothallia s. str. and described here as a new genus. Teuvoa (Ascomycota, Megasporaceae) is erected based on nuclear ITS and LSU sequence data and morphological characters. In addition to Teuvoa uxoris, a second species, T. junipericola, is added to the new genus based on material collected from North America. Teuvoa junipericola, T. uxoris and T. tibetica form a group with 8-spored asci, absence of extrolites, rather short-sized conidia and ascospores, lack of a subhypothecial algal layer, and different substratum preferences (on organic substratum) with a sister relationship to genus Lobothallia s. lat. (Aspicilia subgenus Pachyothallia Clauzade & C. Roux). Based on spore measurements of the holo-types, Lecanora ferganensis Tomin from central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan), Lecanora atrodiscata Gintovt, from Tajikistan and Lecanora takyroides Dzhur. from Turkmenistan are new synonyms to T. uxoris. A lectotype for Lecanora ferganensis is designated, expanding the known distribution of T. uxoris from Algeria, Morocco and Spain, into Central Asia