Evaluación del efecto productivo en pollos de engorde (Broiler) con alimentos comerciales vs artesanal, en El Rancho “El Carmen” en el II semestre del 2016, Juigalpa, Chontales

Se evaluaron tres tipos de concentrados con el objetivo de comparar el comportamiento productivo en efecto de alimentos comerciales versus artesanal en la ganancia de peso en engorda de pollos broiler línea Ross 505. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el Rancho El Carmen ubicado a 3 km de la ciudad de Juigalpa, comarca San Ramón, departamento de Chontales. En el trabajo experimental se utilizó el diseño completamente al azar (DCA), el cual estuvo compuesto por 30 pollos divididos en tres tratamientos, cada uno de estos representados por diez pollos seleccionados al azar a un día de eclosionados a los que se les evaluó ganancia diaria de peso, consumo voluntario, conversión alimenticia y peso promedio alcanzado de cada grupo en estudio al suministrarles un alimento diferente a cada lote a base de concentrados Purina fase inicio y engorde con niveles de proteína 21% y 19%, concentrados El granjero con 18.50% , 20.50% de proteínas y, concentrado artesanal elaborado en base a21% y 19% de inicio y engorde respectivamente, a partir de insumos locales. Se recolectaron los datos en un periodo de seis semanas, tiempo en el cual los pollos desarrollan su máximo estado fisiológico, de igual manera las variables fueron procesadas por Statics SPSS 17.0 para Windows. En los resultados, se puede afirmar que el tratamiento que obtuvo mayor ganancia de peso y por lo tanto convirtieron mayor alimento fue el tratamiento Purina en las seis semanas de duración del experimento. En cuanto al consumo voluntario, ingirieron relativamente cantidades similares de alimento durante el ensayo, pero no lograron convertir el alimento a peso vivo. En cambio, concentrados El Granjero resultó con menor costo de inversión siendo efectivamente más barato a los otros grupos en estudio

Genetic diversity analysis of common beans based on molecular markers

A core collection of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), representing genetic diversity in the entire Mexican holding, is kept at the INIFAP (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias, Mexico) Germplasm Bank. After evaluation, the genetic structure of this collection (200 accessions) was compared with that of landraces from the states of Oaxaca, Chiapas and Veracruz (10 genotypes from each), as well as a further 10 cultivars, by means of four amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) +3/+3 primer combinations and seven simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci, in order to define genetic diversity, variability and mutual relationships. Data underwent cluster (UPGMA) and molecular variance (AMOVA) analyses. AFLP analysis produced 530 bands (88.5% polymorphic) while SSR primers amplified 174 alleles, all polymorphic (8.2 alleles per locus). AFLP indicated that the highest genetic diversity was to be found in ten commercial-seed classes from two major groups of accessions from Central Mexico and Chiapas, which seems to be an important center of diversity in the south. A third group included genotypes from Nueva Granada, Mesoamerica, Jalisco and Durango races. Here, SSR analysis indicated a reduced number of shared haplotypes among accessions, whereas the highest genetic components of AMOVA variation were found within accessions. Genetic diversity observed in the common-bean core collection represents an important sample of the total Phaseolus genetic variability at the main Germplasm Bank of INIFAP. Molecular marker strategies could contribute to a better understanding of the genetic structure of the core collection as well as to its improvement and validation

Microsatellite diversity and genetic structure among common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces in Brazil, a secondary center of diversity

Brazil is the largest producer and consumer of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), which is the most important source of human dietary protein in that country. This study assessed the genetic diversity and the structure of a sample of 279 geo-referenced common bean landraces from Brazil, using molecular markers. Sixty-seven microsatellite markers spread over the 11 linkage groups of the common bean genome, as well as Phaseolin, PvTFL1y, APA and four SCAR markers were used. As expected, the sample showed lower genetic diversity compared to the diversity in the primary center of diversification. Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools were both present but the latter gene pool was four times more frequent than the former. The two gene pools could be clearly distinguished; limited admixture was observed between these groups. The Mesoamerican group consisted of two sub-populations, with a high level of admixture between them leading to a large proportion of stabilized hybrids not observed in the centers of domestication. Thus, Brazil can be considered a secondary center of diversification of common bean. A high degree of genome-wide multilocus associations even among unlinked loci was observed, confirming the high level of structure in the sample and suggesting that association mapping should be conducted in separate Andean and Mesoamerican Brazilian samples

Microsatellites for the genus Cucurbita and an SSR-based genetic linkage map of Cucurbita pepo L.

Until recently, only a few microsatellites have been available for Cucurbita, thus their development is highly desirable. The Austrian oil-pumpkin variety Gleisdorfer Ölkürbis (C. pepo subsp. pepo) and the C. moschata cultivar Soler (Puerto Rico) were used for SSR development. SSR-enriched partial genomic libraries were established and 2,400 clones were sequenced. Of these 1,058 (44%) contained an SSR at least four repeats long. Primers were designed for 532 SSRs; 500 primer pairs produced fragments of expected size. Of these, 405 (81%) amplified polymorphic fragments in a set of 12 genotypes: three C. moschata, one C. ecuadorensis, and eight C. pepo representing all eight cultivar groups. On an average, C. pepo and C. moschata produced 3.3 alleles per primer pair, showing high inter-species transferability. There were 187 SSR markers detecting polymorphism between the USA oil-pumpkin variety “Lady Godiva” (O5) and the Italian crookneck variety “Bianco Friulano” (CN), which are the parents of our previous F2 mapping population. It has been used to construct the first published C. pepo map, containing mainly RAPD and AFLP markers. Now the updated map comprises 178 SSRs, 244 AFLPs, 230 RAPDs, five SCARs, and two morphological traits (h and B). It contains 20 linkage groups with a map density of 2.9 cM. The observed genome coverage (Co) is 86.8%