The response of exchange rates to economic policy uncertainty: Evidence from Russia

The Russian economy has encountered substantial exchange rate volatility due to many endogenous and exogenous shocks, including the adoption of different exchange rate systems, the global financial crisis, sanctions, and the COVID pandemic. The economy has long experience with a managed floating exchange rate system, which motivates us to investigate the exchange rate response to domestic economic policy uncertainty, incorporating oil prices and the trade volume under different economic circumstances. We apply quantile-based time-series approaches to deal with extreme values. Our empirical investigation demonstrates that the local currency appreciates in response to increased Russian economic policy uncertainty under different quantiles of the managed floating exchange rate, but it depreciates under most quantiles in a floating exchange rate period. Our findings confirm that the Russian currency appreciates with the rise in international oil prices and trade as Russia is an oil-exporting country. Moreover, the findings are robust under the quantile-on-quantile approach. © 2021 The AuthorsRussian Science Foundation, RSF: 19-18-00262This study was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation , Code: 19-18-00262 . “Empirical modelling of balanced technological and socioeconomic development in the Russian regions”

Reactions of synthetic phenolic antioxidants with electrogenerated titrants and their analytical applications

Synthetic phenolic compounds (pyrogallol, catechol, hydroquinone, and their derivatives bearing heterocyclic fragments) react with electrogenerated titrants, halogens, and ferricyanide(III) ions. Stoichio- metric coefficients of reactions are found. It is shown that the use of ferricyanide(III) ions as a titrant and a one-electron oxidant for the determination of this class of antioxidants offers advantages in comparison with titrants-halogens. The found amounts of pyrogallol, pyrocatechol, and hydroquinone derivatives in model solutions with the RSD 1-5% are fractions of milligrams. It is found that, in the series of the studied synthetic phenolic compounds, pyrocatechol derivatives possess the maximum antioxidant capacity (AOC). © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2010

Leprarioid lichens and associated lichenicolous fungi from the Commander Islands (Kamchatka Territory, Russia) including a new species Lepraria tiinae

Here, we present new records of leprarioid lichens from the Commander Islands, including one species of Lithocalla and six species of Lepraria. Notably, we describe as new to science Lepraria tiinae, which is quite common in coastal biotopes of the archipelago. The main distinguishing phenotypic features of this new species include large granules of the thallus, a well-developed hypothallus, dark rhizohyphae, and the production of thiophanic acid, arthothelin, and dichlorolichexanthone. Additionally, three species of lichenicolous fungi or fungi associated with leprarioid lichens were found in the studied specimens, all of which are new to the Kamchatka Territory

Voltammetric detection of synthetic water-soluble phenolic antioxidants using carbon nanotube based electrodes

Glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been created for detection of phenolic compounds-one of the important group of antioxidants in life sciences. The surface of electrode has been characterized by atomic force microscopy. The presence of CNT leads to an at least 20-fold increase in the surface roughness of the electrode. The CNT layer displays closely intertwined vermicular structures with high degree of homogeneity at CNT suspension concentration of 0.2-0.5 mg L -1. Synthetic water-soluble antioxidants (hydroquinone, catechol, pyrogallol, and their derivatives) are electrochemically active on bare GCE and CNT-modified GCE in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4. Effect of substitutes in molecular structure of phenolic antioxidants has been evaluated. In several cases, oxidation at CNT-modified GCE occurs at potentials that are less positive by 100-200 mV in comparison to bare GCE. The electrodes were studied with respect to their capability of phenols voltammetric sensing. CNT-modified GCE display an enlarged linear range in the calibration graphs and lower detection limits. Voltammetric method for determination of hydroquinone, catechol, pyrogallol, and their derivatives has been developed. © Springer-Verlag 2010

Reactions of synthetic phenolic antioxidants with electrogenerated titrants and their analytical applications

Synthetic phenolic compounds (pyrogallol, catechol, hydroquinone, and their derivatives bearing heterocyclic fragments) react with electrogenerated titrants, halogens, and ferricyanide(III) ions. Stoichio- metric coefficients of reactions are found. It is shown that the use of ferricyanide(III) ions as a titrant and a one-electron oxidant for the determination of this class of antioxidants offers advantages in comparison with titrants-halogens. The found amounts of pyrogallol, pyrocatechol, and hydroquinone derivatives in model solutions with the RSD 1-5% are fractions of milligrams. It is found that, in the series of the studied synthetic phenolic compounds, pyrocatechol derivatives possess the maximum antioxidant capacity (AOC). © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2010

Reactions of synthetic phenolic antioxidants with electrogenerated titrants and their analytical applications

Synthetic phenolic compounds (pyrogallol, catechol, hydroquinone, and their derivatives bearing heterocyclic fragments) react with electrogenerated titrants, halogens, and ferricyanide(III) ions. Stoichio- metric coefficients of reactions are found. It is shown that the use of ferricyanide(III) ions as a titrant and a one-electron oxidant for the determination of this class of antioxidants offers advantages in comparison with titrants-halogens. The found amounts of pyrogallol, pyrocatechol, and hydroquinone derivatives in model solutions with the RSD 1-5% are fractions of milligrams. It is found that, in the series of the studied synthetic phenolic compounds, pyrocatechol derivatives possess the maximum antioxidant capacity (AOC). © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2010

Voltammetric detection of synthetic water-soluble phenolic antioxidants using carbon nanotube based electrodes

Glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been created for detection of phenolic compounds-one of the important group of antioxidants in life sciences. The surface of electrode has been characterized by atomic force microscopy. The presence of CNT leads to an at least 20-fold increase in the surface roughness of the electrode. The CNT layer displays closely intertwined vermicular structures with high degree of homogeneity at CNT suspension concentration of 0.2-0.5 mg L -1. Synthetic water-soluble antioxidants (hydroquinone, catechol, pyrogallol, and their derivatives) are electrochemically active on bare GCE and CNT-modified GCE in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4. Effect of substitutes in molecular structure of phenolic antioxidants has been evaluated. In several cases, oxidation at CNT-modified GCE occurs at potentials that are less positive by 100-200 mV in comparison to bare GCE. The electrodes were studied with respect to their capability of phenols voltammetric sensing. CNT-modified GCE display an enlarged linear range in the calibration graphs and lower detection limits. Voltammetric method for determination of hydroquinone, catechol, pyrogallol, and their derivatives has been developed. © Springer-Verlag 2010

Voltammetric detection of synthetic water-soluble phenolic antioxidants using carbon nanotube based electrodes

Glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been created for detection of phenolic compounds-one of the important group of antioxidants in life sciences. The surface of electrode has been characterized by atomic force microscopy. The presence of CNT leads to an at least 20-fold increase in the surface roughness of the electrode. The CNT layer displays closely intertwined vermicular structures with high degree of homogeneity at CNT suspension concentration of 0.2-0.5 mg L -1. Synthetic water-soluble antioxidants (hydroquinone, catechol, pyrogallol, and their derivatives) are electrochemically active on bare GCE and CNT-modified GCE in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4. Effect of substitutes in molecular structure of phenolic antioxidants has been evaluated. In several cases, oxidation at CNT-modified GCE occurs at potentials that are less positive by 100-200 mV in comparison to bare GCE. The electrodes were studied with respect to their capability of phenols voltammetric sensing. CNT-modified GCE display an enlarged linear range in the calibration graphs and lower detection limits. Voltammetric method for determination of hydroquinone, catechol, pyrogallol, and their derivatives has been developed. © Springer-Verlag 2010

Voltammetric detection of synthetic water-soluble phenolic antioxidants using carbon nanotube based electrodes

Glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been created for detection of phenolic compounds-one of the important group of antioxidants in life sciences. The surface of electrode has been characterized by atomic force microscopy. The presence of CNT leads to an at least 20-fold increase in the surface roughness of the electrode. The CNT layer displays closely intertwined vermicular structures with high degree of homogeneity at CNT suspension concentration of 0.2-0.5 mg L -1. Synthetic water-soluble antioxidants (hydroquinone, catechol, pyrogallol, and their derivatives) are electrochemically active on bare GCE and CNT-modified GCE in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4. Effect of substitutes in molecular structure of phenolic antioxidants has been evaluated. In several cases, oxidation at CNT-modified GCE occurs at potentials that are less positive by 100-200 mV in comparison to bare GCE. The electrodes were studied with respect to their capability of phenols voltammetric sensing. CNT-modified GCE display an enlarged linear range in the calibration graphs and lower detection limits. Voltammetric method for determination of hydroquinone, catechol, pyrogallol, and their derivatives has been developed. © Springer-Verlag 2010

Факторы конкурентоспособности высокотехнологичных отраслей в странах СНГ и Центральной и Восточной Европы

Несмотря на то, что государства во всем мире стремятся к увеличению экспорта высокотехнологичных отраслей, в современной научной литературе немного работ, посвященных этой проблеме. Целью статьи является изучение развития экономики в странах Содружества Независимых Государств (СНГ) и Центральной и Восточной Европы (ЦВЕ) в переходный период. В исследовании используется индекс Баласса, основанный на концепции выявленного сравнительного преимущества. Объектом анализа являются 73 группы товаров автомобильной, химической, машиностроительной отраслей, а также электроники и электротехники в 27 странах за период 1995-2018 гг. При помощи метода главных компонент сформирован индекс сравнительного преимущества высокотехнологичных отраслей для каждой страны за каждый год. Показано, что страны Центральной и Восточной Европы и Балтии добились существенных успехов в развитии высокотехнологичных секторов экономики, в то время как в странах СНГ прогресс в этом направлении практически отсутствует. Для выявления статистических взаимосвязей использован регрессионно-корреляционный анализ, для оценки данных применен метод наименьших квадратов с фиксированными эффектами. Выявлены факторы, стимулирующие рост экспорта в высокотехнологичных отраслях исследуемых стран: внешнеторговая открытость экономики, заработная плата и цены на ресурсы, налоговая нагрузка, уровень безработицы и человеческий капитал. Авторам не удалось обнаружить подтверждений положительного влияния притоков прямых иностранных инвестиций, уровня затрат на НИОКР и также качества человеческого капитала на объем экспорта высокотехнологичных секторов в рассматриваемых странах.Any government strives to stimulate export activity in high-tech sectors of its economy. Surprisingly, there are few empirical papers on the determinants of high-tech export to date. This study analyses the economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) due to the differences they experienced in the transition period. To this end, we used the Balassa index, which is based on the concept of revealed comparative advantages. The research examines 73 groups of products from the automotive, chemical, mechanical engineering, electronics and electrical engineering industries in 27 countries from 1995 to 2018. Principal component analysis helped generate an indicator of comparative advantage of hightech industries for each country in each year. It is revealed that CEE countries, as well as the Baltic countries, have achieved significant success in the development of high-tech sectors of the economy, while the CIS countries have shown practically no progress in this direction. The article tests hypotheses on the impact of resources, foreign trade, macroeconomy and innovation on export activity in the country. The following factors stimulate the export growth in high-tech industries of the studied countries: level of wages and resource prices, openness of the economy to foreign trade; tax rate; unemployment rate; quality of human capital. We did not find empirical evidence of the positive impact of inflation, inflows of direct foreign investment, and the level of research and development (R&D) costs on the volume of high-tech export of the examined economies.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проект № 18–010–01190 «Модели анализа факторов инновационного развития и сравнительных преимуществ в российской экономике»). Аксанат Панзабекова выражает благодарность Комитету науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан (грант № AP09260795).The article has been prepared with the support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research (the project No. 18–010–01190 “Models of innovation development factors and comparative advantages analysis in the Russian economy “). Aksanat Panzabekova would like to thank the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP09260795)