69 research outputs found

    Density (dis)economies in transportation: revisiting the core-periphery model

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    We study how density (dis)economies in interregional transportation influence location patterns in a standard new economic geography model. Density economies may well delay the occurrence of agglomeration when compared to the case without such economies, while agglomeration is both more likely and more gradual under density diseconomies than under density economies.density (dis)economies economic geography transport costs core-periphery model

    Feeding the Cities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Beyond the Food Miles Approach

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    In this paper, we study the impact of urbanization on the location of agricultural production and the GHG emissions related to transportation activities. We develop an economic geography model where the location of agricultural activities and urban population are endogenous. We show that increasing agricultural yields induce the spatial concentration of agricultural production in the least urbanized region if agricultural transport costs are relatively low and in the most urbanized region otherwise. In addition, interregional trade in agricultural commodities is desirable to reduce GHG emissions, except when urban population is equally split between cities. However, the market may induce too much agglomeration of agricultural production when yields are high and when collection costs are low.Urbanization, agriculture location, transport, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty, Q10, Q54, R12,

    "Is the regulation of the transport sector always detrimental to consumers?"

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    The aim of this paper is to qualify the claim that regulating a competitive transport sector is always detrimental to consumers. We show indeed that, although transport deregulation is beneficial to consumers as long as the location of economic activity is fixed, this is no longer true when, in the long run, firms and workers are freely mobile. The reason is that the static gains due to less monopoly power in the transport sector may well map into dynamic dead-weight losses because deregulation of the transport sector leads to more inefficient agglomeration. This latter change may, quite surprisingly, increase consumer prices in some regions, despite a more competitive transport sector. Transport deregulation is shown to map into aggregate consumer welfare losses and more inequality among consumers in the long run.

    "Trade and the structure of cities"

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    Our purpose is to investigate how the interplay between trade, commuting and communication costs shapes the economy at both the interregional and intra-urban levels. Specifically, we study how economic integration affects the internal structure of cities and show how decentralizing the production and consumption of goods in secondary employment centers allows firms located in a large city to maintain their predominance. Several new results in both economic geography and urban economics are established, which all agree with empirical evidence.

    Does Input Trade Liberalization Boost Downstream Firms Exports? Evidence from the French Agrofood Sector

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    intermediate good, heterogeneous firms, agrifood sector, trade liberalization., Agribusiness, International Relations/Trade,

    Taxe carbone globale, effet taille de marchĂ© et mobilitĂ© des fi…rmes

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    Nous analysons l'impact et les dĂ©terminants d'une taxe carbone globale dans une Ă©conomie imparfaitement intĂ©grĂ©e composĂ©e de pays de diffĂ©rente taille. A l'aide d'un modĂšle de commerce et de localisation, nous montrons tout d'abord que la concentration de firmes dans le pays disposant d'un avantage de taille de marchĂ© accroĂźt les Ă©missions totales de CO2. L'intro- duction d'une taxe carbone globale conduit alors Ă  des dĂ©localisations de fi…rmes du grand pays vers le petit pays de sorte que mĂȘme …fixĂ©e Ă  un taux unique, une …fiscalitĂ© carbone ne serait pas neutre du point de vue de la gĂ©ographie Ă©conomique. Enfin, parce qu'elles conduisent Ă  une rĂ©duction des Ă©missions mondiales de CO2, ces relocalisations amĂ©liorent l'efficacitĂ© environnementale de la taxe carbone.Taxe carbone globale, economie geographique

    Taxe carbone globale, effet taille de marché et mobilité des firmes

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    Nous analysons l'impact et les dĂ©terminants d'une taxe carbone globale dans une Ă©conomie imparfaitement intĂ©grĂ©e composĂ©e de pays de diffĂ©rente taille. A l'aide d'un modĂšle de commerce et de localisation, nous montrons tout d'abord que la concentration de firmes dans le pays disposant d'un avantage de taille de marchĂ© accroĂźt les Ă©missions totales de CO2. L'intro- duction d'une taxe carbone globale conduit alors Ă  des dĂ©localisations de firmes du grand pays vers le petit pays de sorte que mĂȘme fixĂ©e Ă  un taux unique, une fiscalitĂ© carbone ne serait pas neutre du point de vue de la gĂ©ographie Ă©conomique. Enfin, parce qu'elles conduisent Ă  une rĂ©duction des Ă©missions mondiales de CO2, ces relocalisations amĂ©liorent l'efficacitĂ© environnementale de la taxe carbone

    Integration et inegalite regionales : une relation en U inverse ?

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    Les theories de la localisation et du commerce international mettent en evidence que l'integration regionale se manifeste tout d'abord par une phase de divergence et ensuite par une phase de convergence des economies. On montre que si l'on tient compte d'une baisse differenciee des couts de transport entre les secteurs industriels, alors la relation entre couts de transport et inegalites spatiales peut se modifier. En effet, si la baisse des couts de transport des biens intermediaires est plus rapide que celle des biens finals, alors la dispersion de la production industrielle peut etre favorisee. A l'inverse, si la baisse des couts de transport des biens finals est plus rapide, alors l'activite industrielle tend a se concentrer geographiquement.Localisation industrielle; couts relatifs de transports; economie geographique

    Agglomeration and incomplete information

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    This paper explores the consequences of incompleteness of information on spatial distribution of activities as well as on the welfare of consumers. We assume that one region is endowed with consumers having imperfect information on active varieties while the population of the other region benefits from perfect information. We show that the level of activities and surplus is higher in the former region. However, improving information flows fosters the settlement of activities in the latter region, but a decrease of transport cost limits that improvement effect.Ce papier explore les consĂ©quences d`une information incomplĂšte sur la rĂ©partition spatiale des activitĂ©s, et sur le bien-ĂȘtre des consommateurs. Nous supposons que l`information des consommateurs d`une rĂ©gion est incomplĂšte sur le produits disponibles. Nous montrons que le niveau d`activitĂ© et le surplus sont supĂ©rieurs dans la rĂ©gion ayant l`information la moins complĂšte. AmĂ©liorer le niveau d`information bĂ©nĂ©ficie Ă  la rĂ©gion ayant l`information la plus complĂšte, mais cet effet est d`autant plus faible que le coĂ»t de transport est bas. Dans ce modĂšle, le bien-ĂȘtre est directement reliĂ© Ă  la prĂ©sence d`activitĂ©s Ă©conomiques

    Globalization, Asymmetric Tax Competition, and Fiscal Equalization

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    International audienceTrade integration and the increasing mobility of firms have raised the need for international coordination in corporate tax. In this paper, we study the ability of fiscal equalization to avoid the misallocation of capital across asymmetric countries arising from tax competition. Such a reform respects the principle according to which the tax decision is entirely left up to the nation and links nations engaged in strategic tax policy by transfers. We use a model of trade and location where firms produce under imperfect competition. Our analysis suggests that falling trade costs increase the distortion created by tax competition in the international allocation of production. However, we show that fiscal equalization based on differences in tax revenues or tax base can implement a more efficient tax wedge and spatial allocation of the tax bas
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