Step-by-step iconographic description of a prolonged but still favourable course of orbital cellulitis in a child with acute rhinosinusitis: an iconographic case study

Orbital cellulitis is an infrequent complication of acute ethmoiditis possibly leading to life- or visual-threatening complications. Despite its natural history is well known, its clinical evolution may widely vary among patients, and even in the most favourable cases long-term sequelae may persist. We here provide a step-by-step iconographic description of a periorbital and orbital cellulitis occurring in a child with ipsilateral acute rhinosinusitis. Our report shows that an unusual long-term evolution of periorbital and orbital cellulitis is possible also in apparently favourable cases

Dinâmicas de colaboração como prática social de aprendizagem significativa

O objetivo deste texto é discutir sentidos de colaboração que decorrem de experiências vividas no interior de práticas do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) e que foram discursivamente representados por atores envolvidos em práxis de ensino colaborativo, no curso de Letras-Inglês, da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. As premissas são as de que aprendizagem significativa se liga à incorporação deliberada de diferente vozes em práxis comum e que a reorganização de práticas sociais tem efeitos tanto nos modos como as práticas são representadas quanto na sua permanência-transformação. Os dados foram coletados ao longo de 2010-2011, em um grupo de 13 participantes. A análise indutiva de conteúdo léxico-semântico gerou três categorias interpretativas, em diálogo com as ideias de Paulo Freire. Os resultados dizem respeito às relações entre aprendizagem de professores/ as e as formas de organização dos contextos de prática de formação.Palavras-chave: colaboração, ensino colaborativo, práxis, formação de professores/as.</p

Reduced Chemical Kinetic Model for Titan Entries

A reduced chemical kinetic model for Titan's atmosphere has been developed. This new model with 18 species and 28 reactions includes the mainfeatures of a more complete scheme, respecting the radiative fluxes. It has been verified against three key elements: a sensitivity analysis, the equilibrium chemical composition using shock tube simulations in CHEMKIN, and the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) simulations

Evaluation of Heat Transfer Coefficients for an Impingement Cooling Cascade: Experimental Challenges and Preliminary Results

In this paper, a modification of the widely used transient liquid crystal heat transfer measurement technique for impingement cooling is presented, in which a constant heat flux at the surface is used to drive the experiment, instead of a step change in the flow temperature. This method, already employed for film cooling, is used for the first time in a narrow impingement channel of an impingement cooling cascade which is characterized by complex and three dimensional vortical structures. The results are compared to the traditional heater mesh method (i.e. a temperature step in the flow drives the experiment). With both methods similar results are obtained, with the associated differences that can be attributed to entrainment effects or different surface roughness. An uncertainty analysis shows also that a transient experiment with constant surface heat flux improves the accuracy in the high heat transfer regions, e.g. stagnation points, which are the most uncertain regions in the heater mesh method

Why, when and how to investigate primary ciliary dyskinesia in adult patients with bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis represents the final pathway of several infectious, genetic, immunologic or allergic disorders. Accurate and prompt identification of the underlying cause is a key recommendation of several international guidelines, in order to tailor treatment appropriately. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic cause of bronchiectasis in which failure of motile cilia leads to poor mucociliary clearance. Due to poor ciliary function in other organs, individuals can suffer from chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media and infertility. This paper explores the current literature describing why, when and how to investigate PCD in adult patients with bronchiectasis. We describe the main PCD diagnostic tests and compare the two international PCD diagnostic guidelines. The expensive multi-test diagnostic approach requiring a high level of expertise and specialist equipment, make the multifaceted PCD diagnostic pathway complex. Therefore, the risk of late or missed diagnosis is high and has clinical and research implications. Defining the number of patients with bronchiectasis due to PCD is complex. To date, few studies outlining the aetiology of adult patients with bronchiectasis conduct screening tests for PCD, but they do differ in their diagnostic approach. Comparison of these studies reveals an estimated PCD prevalence of 1-13% in adults with bronchiectasis and describe patients as younger than their counterparts with moderate impairment of lung function and higher rates of chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Diagnosing PCD has clinical, socioeconomic and psychological implications, which affect patients' life, including the possibility to have a specific and multidisciplinary team approach in a PCD referral centre, as well as a genetic and fertility counselling and special legal aspects in some countries. To date no specific treatments for PCD have been approved, standardized diagnostic protocols for PCD and recent diagnostic guidelines will be helpful to accurately define a population on which planning RCT studies to evaluate efficacy, safety and accuracy of PCD specific treatments

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric otolaryngology: a nationwide study

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly modified the work routine in healthcare; however, its impact on the field of paediatric otorhinolaryngology (ORL) has been rarely investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on paediatric ORL. Methods: A questionnaire was developed by the Young Otolaryngologists of the Italian Society of ORL-Head and Neck Surgery (GOS). The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions related to workplace and personal paediatric ORL activities. The link was advertised on the official social media platforms and sent by e-mail to 469 Italian otolaryngologists. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 118 responders. During the pandemic, the main reduction was observed for surgical activity (78.8%), followed by outpatient service (16.9%). The conditions that were mostly impacted by a delayed diagnosis were respiratory infections in 45.8% of cases and sensorineural hearing loss in 37.3% of cases. Conclusions: Paediatric ORL was highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significant reduction of surgical and outpatient activities and a delay in time-sensitive diagnosis. Therefore, the implementation of new strategies, such as telemedicine, is recommended

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric otolaryngology: a nationwide study

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly modified the work routine in healthcare; however, its impact on the field of paediatric otorhinolaryngology (ORL) has been rarely investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on paediatric ORL. Methods: A questionnaire was developed by the Young Otolaryngologists of the Italian Society of ORL-Head and Neck Surgery (GOS). The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions related to workplace and personal paediatric ORL activities. The link was advertised on the official social media platforms and sent by e-mail to 469 Italian otolaryngologists. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 118 responders. During the pandemic, the main reduction was observed for surgical activity (78.8%), followed by outpatient service (16.9%). The conditions that were mostly impacted by a delayed diagnosis were respiratory infections in 45.8% of cases and sensorineural hearing loss in 37.3% of cases. Conclusions: Paediatric ORL was highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significant reduction of surgical and outpatient activities and a delay in time-sensitive diagnosis. Therefore, the implementation of new strategies, such as telemedicine, is recommended

High lift devices design of a supersonic transport aircraft based on 3D computational fluid dynamics.

This paper presents an aerodynamic optimization chain whose purpose is to find the optimal High Lift Devices’ settings for a supersonic transport aircraft in take-off conditions. The automatic CFD process chain consists of several key elements: a CAD modeling software (Catia) that controls the aircraft’s external shape; a CAD translator (Cadfix), used for converting the geometric data to a format usable by the mesher; an unstructured grid generator (Solar); a finite volume Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes CFD code (DLR-TAU) for the evaluation of the aircraft’s aerodynamic performances. This ”CAD-in-the-loop” optimization chain has the advantage of delivering geometries in CAD format without loss of information due to conversion so that the final geometry can be directly used, for example to construct a model for wind tunnel testing. Furthermore, the unstructured mesh approach allows for the treatment of very complex geometries with relatively small effort, an important advantage compared to the more common (in optimization) structured multiblock approach. Two optimization strategies are used: a Response Surface Method (RSM) that relies on a Regression Kriging approach and the Simplex method. Both methods are found to be capable of solving this kind of optimization tasks and produce similar results

Unstructured mesh capabilities for supersonic wing design at low speed conditions

In this paper the reliability of using unstructured meshes for the CFD simulation of the flow over a low aspect-ratio wing in low speed configuration is investigated. It is intended to integrate such mesh strategy in a high-fidelity aerodynamic shape optimization loop for the design of high lift devices, so particular care is given to the set-up of a suitable meshing procedure usable in optimization context. Meshes are created using the grid generators Solar and Centaur; the CFD analysis is carried out using the DLR-TAU solver on the EPISTLE wing-body configuration with drop-nose slat. Results are compared to wind tunnel test data and to CFD results obtained on a structured mesh. It is shown that a grid of around 10 million points, if carefully conceived, is able to predict with reasonably good accuracy the aerodynamic loads and the overall flow features. Some discrepancies in the detection of vortical flow features are found, but they do not have significant influence on the computed loads. The application of the method at various Reynolds numbers confirms the importance of the prismatic layer thickness to accurately capture the vortical flow features