Mutations in KEOPS-Complex Genes Cause Nephrotic Syndrome with Primary Microcephaly

Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is an autosomal-recessive disease characterized by the combination of early-onset nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and microcephaly with brain anomalies. Here we identified recessive mutations in OSGEP, TP53RK, TPRKB, and LAGE3, genes encoding the four subunits of the KEOPS complex, in 37 individuals from 32 families with GAMOS. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout in zebrafish and mice recapitulated the human phenotype of primary microcephaly and resulted in early lethality. Knockdown of OSGEP, TP53RK, or TPRKB inhibited cell proliferation, which human mutations did not rescue. Furthermore, knockdown of these genes impaired protein translation, caused endoplasmic reticulum stress, activated DNA-damage-response signaling, and ultimately induced apoptosis. Knockdown of OSGEP or TP53RK induced defects in the actin cytoskeleton and decreased the migration rate of human podocytes, an established intermediate phenotype of SRNS. We thus identified four new monogenic causes of GAMOS, describe a link between KEOPS function and human disease, and delineate potential pathogenic mechanisms

Hillary Clinton's Race: Did She Match the Presidential Prototype?

The present research addresses how voters' perceptions of Hillary Clinton's warmth and competence influenced decisions to vote for her in the 2008 Democratic primary. We apply research on gender stereotypes and perceptions of women leaders to demonstrate that voters perceived Clinton as highly competent but relatively less warm. Further, this research examines how perceptions of Clinton's warmth and competence contributed to decisions to vote for her. Results suggest that perceptions of Clinton's warmth and competence differentially predicted voting behavior for voters strongly and less strongly identified with their political party. This research provides a descriptive analysis of how voters' beliefs about leaders can be colored by gender, and how such beliefs contribute to electing women candidates

Uncertainty in transition: The influence of group cohesion on learning

This chapter outlines an uncertainty–identity model of educational transition. It proposes that transitions are associated with significant self-uncertainty – that is, students can feel uncertain about themselves, their social groups and their competence in new learning environments. These self-uncertainties motivate individuals to seek out and affiliate with groups that are particularly well suited for uncertainty reduction. As students move through the educational system, they will regularly face the challenge of transitioning to a new learning environment. The chapter presents a model of student behaviour grounded in the research on social identity transitions and uncertainty–identity theory. High affiliation with a group predicted intentions to act in line with group norms. This occurred both when group norms encouraged studying behaviours and when group norms encouraged partying behaviours. In terms of the education literature, the chapter provides further evidence that social psychological factors are important determinants of motivation to engage in learning activities

Uncertainty in transition: the influence of group cohesion on learning

This chapter outlines an uncertainty–identity model of educational transition. It proposes that transitions are associated with significant self-uncertainty – that is, students can feel uncertain about themselves, their social groups and their competence in new learning environments. These self-uncertainties motivate individuals to seek out and affiliate with groups that are particularly well suited for uncertainty reduction. As students move through the educational system, they will regularly face the challenge of transitioning to a new learning environment. The chapter presents a model of student behaviour grounded in the research on social identity transitions and uncertainty–identity theory. High affiliation with a group predicted intentions to act in line with group norms. This occurred both when group norms encouraged studying behaviours and when group norms encouraged partying behaviours. In terms of the education literature, the chapter provides further evidence that social psychological factors are important determinants of motivation to engage in learning activities

Advancing Women in Leadership Journal Hillary Clinton's Race: Did She Match the Presidential Prototype?

Abstract The present research addresses how voters' perceptions of Hillary Clinton's warmth and competence influenced decisions to vote for her in the 2008 Democratic primary. We apply research on gender stereotypes and perceptions of women leaders to demonstrate that voters perceived Clinton as highly competent but relatively less warm. Further, this research examines how perceptions of Clinton's warmth and competence contributed to decisions to vote for her. Results suggest that perceptions of Clinton's warmth and competence differentially predicted voting behavior for voters strongly and less strongly identified with their political party. This research provides a descriptive analysis of how voters' beliefs about leaders can be colored by gender, and how such beliefs contribute to electing women candidates

Destructive belief systems and violent behavior within and between groups and identities

This special issue celebrates 25 years of the Sage journal Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. In this article, we use examples of the current sociopolitical climate to highlight the importance of the scientific inquiry into group processes and intergroup relations. Ingrained identities that arise from groups are responsible for causing wars, protests, community clashes with law enforcement, violence, climate change, major public health crises, and societal change. However, just as blame goes to groups, collectives can be harnessed for solutions. This special issue contains 13 articles that showcase the diversity of research in Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, all of which contribute to theory advancement and the application of science to real world issues

Uncertainty in transition: The influence of group cohesion on learning

This chapter outlines an uncertainty–identity model of educational transition. It proposes that transitions are associated with significant self-uncertainty – that is, students can feel uncertain about themselves, their social groups and their competence in new learning environments. These self-uncertainties motivate individuals to seek out and affiliate with groups that are particularly well suited for uncertainty reduction. As students move through the educational system, they will regularly face the challenge of transitioning to a new learning environment. The chapter presents a model of student behaviour grounded in the research on social identity transitions and uncertainty–identity theory. High affiliation with a group predicted intentions to act in line with group norms. This occurred both when group norms encouraged studying behaviours and when group norms encouraged partying behaviours. In terms of the education literature, the chapter provides further evidence that social psychological factors are important determinants of motivation to engage in learning activities

Competent Enough, But Would You Vote for Her? Gender Stereotypes and Media Influences on Perceptions of Women Politicians

Though research has demonstrated that media coverage of men and women politicians differ, fewer studies have examined the dual influence of gender stereotypes and types of media coverage in influencing public perceptions of women politicians. Study 1 (N = 329) examined how pre-existing attitudes toward women leaders and valence of media message impacted perceptions of a woman senator and evaluations of the media source. Study 2 (N = 246) explored how media focus on a woman politician\u27s personality or ability impacted perceptions of her warmth/likability and competence. Results suggest the media has particular influence on judgments of women politicians\u27 likability (the “competent but cold” effect), providing evidence that women politicians need to be vigilant in monitoring their media depiction

Contexts and conditions of outgroup influence

The current study examined how the composition of intergroup contexts affects intergroup communication. We propose that when multiple outgroups exist, an extreme faction can make more moderate factions appear reasonable, creating pathways for influence. We also considered the role that an influence target’s fit with their ingroup (self-prototypicality) plays in responses to outgroup influence attempts. Specifically, we propose, and the current study showed, that both the composition of intergroup context and one’s relationship with their own group can create a pathway toward convergence of opinions and willingness to accept an outgroup’s opinion position. Two experiments (American partisans, N = 249), suggest that self-prototypicality in one’s political party positively predicts agreement with an opposing party’s message when the message appears in the presence of a more extreme outgroup than the moderate outgroup alone. This study stresses the importance of considering intragroup and intergroup comparative processes for intergroup communication research