A critical review of MANET testbed using mobile robot Technology

This paper is a continuation of our previous paper under the same topic, MANET testbed using mobile robot technology. In our previous paper, we studied the topic by scrutinizing all the technical aspects and presented it as a technical review. However in this paper, we study the topic and presents it as a critical review that dwells into four aspect, namely (i) purpose, a ccessibility and s cope of testbed facilities, (ii) usability and c ontrollability of robot m obility in t estbed facilities, (iii) repeatability and r e producibility of real m obility in t estbeds, and (iv) tools for MANET implementation, deployment and d ebugging for e xperiments. With the wealth of information on the topic provided in this paper, the content of this paper is expected to be a source of reference for MANET researchers who are at a crossroad when selecting the preferred mobile robot technology and approach to suit their own specific needs

A critical review of MANET testbed using mobile robot technology

This paper is a continuation of our previous paper under the same topic, MANET testbed using mobile robot technology. In our previous paper, we studied the topic by scrutinizing all the technical aspects and presented it as a technical review. However in this paper, we study the topic and presents it as a critical review that dwells into four aspect, namely (i) purpose, a ccessibility and s cope of testbed facilities, (ii) usability and c ontrollability of robot mobility in t estbed facilities, (iii) repeatability and r e producibility of real m obility in t estbeds, and (iv) tools for MANET implementation, deployment and d ebugging for experiments. With the wealth of information on the topic provided in this paper, the content of this paper is expected to be a source of reference for MANET researchers who are at a crossroad when selecting the preferred mobi le robot technology and approach to sui t thei r own speci f ic needs

Nutritional values and cooking quality of defatted kenaf seeds yellow (DKSY) noodles

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) seeds have always being wasted as agricultural waste. Recent studies revealed that the seeds contain high fiber. The purpose of this study is to develop defatted kenaf seeds yellow noodles (DKSY) and assess the nutritional and physicohemical properties of the noodles. Defatted kenaf flour at 25% and 75% were used to make DKSY noodles and compared to wheat yellow noodles (Control). Fresh DKSY noodles were analyzed for their nutritional and physiochemical properties. The ash and fiber contents increased in order of Control > 25% DKSY > 75% DKSY noodles. While total phenolic contents (TPC) was found to be higher in 75% DKSY noodles (138.30 ± 1.63 mg GAE/100 g) than Control noodles. Colour (L, b) and hardness decreased in order of Control > 25% DKSY > 75% DKSY indicating that DKSY noodles developed less quality than Control noodles. However, cooking loss values were found to be in the same order while cooking values exist in the opposite order indicating that. DKSY noodles have better noodle cooking quality. In conclusion, nutritional properties and noodle cooking quality of yellow noodles increased with higher concentration of defatted kenaf flour but the physicochemical properties were compromised. More research needs to be done in order to develop a formulation that can increase all of the attributes studied

Twitter-Controlled Microcontroller System For Home Automation

This project is significance in a sense that it can improve the lifestyle of the targeted group in having an alternative control over their premise without the physical presence in that particular premise. It is implemented by making use of the existing platform available in the Twitter infrastructure and wide audience, as a unique means of transmitting information and instruction

Twitter-Controlled Microcontroller System For Home Automation

This project is significance in a sense that it can improve the lifestyle of the targeted group in having an alternative control over their premise without the physical presence in that particular premise. It is implemented by making use of the existing platform available in the Twitter infrastructure and wide audience, as a unique means of transmitting information and instruction

Novel Isotope Labeling Strategies for NMR-Based Structure Determination of High Molecular Weight Proteins

Solution NMR studies of high molecular weight proteins suffer from inadequate side-chain information and rapid signal decay. Selective 1H, 13CH3-methyl labelling of perdeuterated proteins has been the standard approach addressing these limitations but suffers from a lack of information about the non-methyl-containing amino acids. Here, we present methods for introducing additional isolated 1H-12C groups into proteins using inexpensive metabolic precursors and inhibitors. Using fumarate as a carbon source for Escherichia coli (E. coli) in D2O allows for stereospecific incorporation of 1H at beta2 and 2H at beta3 positions of the oxaloacetate family of amino acids (Asp, Asn, Met, and Lys). We demonstrate an efficient and inexpensive synthetic protocol for producing phenylpyruvate, hydroxyphenylpyruvate, and anthranilate precursors for labelling Phe (d, z), Tyr (d), and Trp (d, h, e), respectively. We labelled the imidazole ring of histidine by supplementing the E. coli growth medium with the unlabelled amino acid. The 1H-12C groups introduced in eight non-methyl-containing amino acids complement methyl groups and can be connected to 1H-15N amide positions using multi-dimensional through-space NOESY experiments. We demonstrate the utility of our approach by labelling the outer membrane protein PagP in DPC detergent micelles (>50 kDa), yielding rich new structural restraints for chemical shift assignments and high-resolution structure determination. Solution NMR is the ideal technique for probing protein motion over various timescales. Most NMR studies frequently focus on quantifying only the backbone dynamics by measuring 15N relaxation properties in uniformly labelled proteins. Side chain motion also plays a pivotal role in many biological processes. However, characterizing side chain dynamics remains difficult for solution NMR. We introduce a new method for assessing protein side-chain motion using 1H NMR relaxation rates, extending the dynamic analysis to exciting unstudied protein sites

COLLECTIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP INFLUENCE ON SAVINGS HABITS OF COOPERATIVE INVESTMENT AND CREDIT SOCIETIES LIMITED MEMBERS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

This study became necessary to establish the extent of the influence and nature of the relationship that exists between collective entrepreneurship and saving habits among members of Cooperative Investment and Credit Society Limited (CICSL) in Osun state. A multistage sampling technique was used to obtain data from 864 members of CICSL in Osun state. Data obtained were analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistics models. Results from the data analyzed were discussed, and some findings were revealed. Findings revealed that there is a side-by-side increment in the amount of money invested by the members in collective enterprises and the usage of savings facilities among cooperative members. The correlation coefficient of 0.74 implies amount invested in the collective enterprise has a positively strong relationship with how often the members use the savings facilities of CICSL. Evidence from the result also revealed that a correlation coefficient of .857 with a probability (P) value of 0.024 indicated that there is strong evidence that a positive relationship exists between collective ownership of enterprise and how often or how many times the cooperative members use savings facilities of the CICSL. As such, the policy implications are considered necessary; the cooperative should endeavour to design more flexible financial services and products that will focus on access; usage and quality of savings among members

EFFECT OF FERMENTEDCINNAMON JUICE EXTRACT ON RED SOKOTO BUCKS TESTICULAR HISTO-MORPHOLOGY AND SEXUAL ETHOGRAM

This study was aimed to determine the effect of fermented cinnamon juice extract (FCJE) on Red SokotoBucks testicular histo-morphology and sexual ethogram.A total number of 24 apparently healthy pubertal red Sokoto buck was allotted into four treatments consists of 0, 15, 30 and 45 ml of FCJE in a completely randomized design (CRD), Duncan multiple range test were used to separate means between treatment. The animals were drenched for 8 weeks daily. Two bucks from each treatment were randomly selected and orchidectomized to obtained testes for testicular morphometry and histology determination. The result in this study suggested that bucks supplemented 45 ml FCJE has significantly (P<0.05) higher values of live weight, right testes weight, left testis weight, relative testis weight, right testis volume, left testis volume, and testes volume. Treatment 1 had the highest (P<0.05) testis density values. Non-significant (P>0.05) increases were observed in right testis length, left testis length, right testis width and left testis width. Considerable architectural changes were observed in the seminiferous tubules from cluster, smaller size to larger in size with increases dosage of FCJE. Similarly, wider lumens were observed in control group (T1) and T2 (15 ml FCJE). However, visible interstitial cells and wider interbular space were observed in T3 and T4 where some elongations of seminiferous tubules were prominently observed in both T3 and T4. It is therefore, concluded that supplementation of FCJE has a positive effect in changing testicular morphology and profound responses in altering testicular histological structures. However, further studies are highly suggested to validate this response and fully explore the physiological mechanisms involves for the aphrodisiac activities of fermented cinnamon juice extract observed in this study

Intelligent dynamic pricing and integrated demand response for multi-energy systems using Deep Reinforcement Learning

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and distributed energy systems (DES) presents significant challenges for the power industry, particularly in ensuring grid stability and optimising energy market operations. This thesis investigates the integration of Dynamic Pricing Integrated Demand Response (IDR) into multi-energy systems using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms to improve efficiency, grid stability, and stakeholder benefits in decentralised energy markets. The first study introduces a dynamic pricing mechanism for electricity and gas systems utilising the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm. This mechanism optimises the supply-demand balance, enhances Distribution System Operators (DSOs) profitability, and reduces end-user costs. The second study expands this framework to manage multiple energy carriers— electricity, gas, and heat—through energy hubs (EHs). The DDPG-based IDR strategy promotes cost efficiency and operational flexibility while handling diverse energy demands sustainably. The third study integrates dynamic pricing IDR within a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading framework for microgrids, employing the Double Actors Regularized Critics (DARC) algorithm. This approach improves renewable energy utilisation, minimises energy deficits, and boosts profitability, outperforming traditional pricing models. The research includes case studies demonstrating the benefits of dynamic pricing and IDR, such as reduced peak loads, increased renewable integration, and enhanced consumer engagement. In conclusion, the thesis lays a foundation for intelligent energy management solutions and suggests future research avenues, including the potential of blockchain technology for P2P trading and advanced consumer behaviour modelling

Basic and Grade Stress for Some Timber in Sarawak

Strength properties’ tests are conducted in the small clear sample. This paper aim to acquire the basic and grade stresses of some fast growing species thus identifies its strength group. Thus, the information of wood properties from different species and condition are acquired from strength property's test. The required information namely, bending parallel to the grain, compression stress parallel to grain, shear parallel to grain and modulus of elasticity. The condition of the trees which is referred to green and air-dry condition. Three different species which are referred to exotic species of Acacia mangium and indigenous species of Aras. The results from the study indicated that, Acacia mangium classified under the strength group SG5, whilst Aras was classified under the strength group SG7. The timber is of medium density Light Hardwood ranging from 0.37-0.52g/cm3 air-dry condition