102 research outputs found
Impaired phagocytic function of polymorpho-nuclear neutrophils in B chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Pleistocene volcanism and the geomorphological record of the Hrazdan valley, central Armenia linking landscape dynamics and the Palaeolithic record
Perissodactyl diversities and responses to climate changes as reflected by dental homogeneity during the Cenozoic in Asia
Remdesivir and three other drugs for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: final results of the WHO Solidarity randomised trial and updated meta-analyses.
BACKGROUND
World Health Organization expert groups recommended mortality trials of four repurposed antiviral drugs - remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and interferon beta-1a - in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19).
METHODS
We randomly assigned inpatients with Covid-19 equally between one of the trial drug regimens that was locally available and open control (up to five options, four active and the local standard of care). The intention-to-treat primary analyses examined in-hospital mortality in the four pairwise comparisons of each trial drug and its control (drug available but patient assigned to the same care without that drug). Rate ratios for death were calculated with stratification according to age and status regarding mechanical ventilation at trial entry.
RESULTS
At 405 hospitals in 30 countries, 11,330 adults underwent randomization; 2750 were assigned to receive remdesivir, 954 to hydroxychloroquine, 1411 to lopinavir (without interferon), 2063 to interferon (including 651 to interferon plus lopinavir), and 4088 to no trial drug. Adherence was 94 to 96% midway through treatment, with 2 to 6% crossover. In total, 1253 deaths were reported (median day of death, day 8; interquartile range, 4 to 14). The Kaplan-Meier 28-day mortality was 11.8% (39.0% if the patient was already receiving ventilation at randomization and 9.5% otherwise). Death occurred in 301 of 2743 patients receiving remdesivir and in 303 of 2708 receiving its control (rate ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81 to 1.11; P = 0.50), in 104 of 947 patients receiving hydroxychloroquine and in 84 of 906 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.59; P = 0.23), in 148 of 1399 patients receiving lopinavir and in 146 of 1372 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.25; P = 0.97), and in 243 of 2050 patients receiving interferon and in 216 of 2050 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.39; P = 0.11). No drug definitely reduced mortality, overall or in any subgroup, or reduced initiation of ventilation or hospitalization duration.
CONCLUSIONS
These remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and interferon regimens had little or no effect on hospitalized patients with Covid-19, as indicated by overall mortality, initiation of ventilation, and duration of hospital stay. (Funded by the World Health Organization; ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN83971151; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04315948.)
Modeling the Past: The Paleoethnological Evidence
This chapter considers the earliest Paleolithic, Oldowan (Mode 1), and Acheulean (Mode 2)
cultures of the Old Continent and the traces left by the earliest hominids since their departure
from Africa. According to the most recent archaeological data, they seem to have followed two
main dispersal routes across the Arabian Peninsula toward the Levant, to the north, and the Indian
subcontinent, to the east. According to recent discoveries at Dmanisi in the Caucasus, the first
Paleolithic settlement of Europe is dated to some 1.75 Myr ago, which indicates that the first “out of
Africa” took place at least slightly before this date. The data available for Western Europe show
that the first Paleolithic sites can be attributed to the period slightly before 1.0 Myr ago. The first
well-defined “structural remains” so far discovered in Europe are those of Isernia La Pineta in
Southern Italy, where a semicircular artificial platform made of stone boulders and animal bones
has been excavated. The first hand-thrown hunting weapons come from the site of Scho¨ningen in
north Germany, where the first occurrence of wooden spears, more than 2 m long, has been
recorded from a site attributed to some 0.37 Myr ago. Slightly later began the regular control of
fire. Although most of the archaeological finds of these ages consist of chipped stone artifacts,
indications of art seem to be already present in the Acheulean of Africa and the Indian
subcontinent
The role of complement in the clearance of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) containing immune complexes
Proliferation of B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemic cells in vitro in response to dihydroxycinnamate-derived polymers from symphytum asperum and symphytum caucasicum
150th Anniversary of the birth of Louis Dollo (1857–1931), a Foreign Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
Water For Pharmaceutics: Regulatory Aspects
ნაშრომში მოცემულია ფარმაცევტული და საზოგადოდ გაწმენდილი წყლის მსოფლიო aრეგულაციები, რაც რეკომენდებულია მჯო-ში შემავალი ქვეყნებისათვის; არამარტო ფარმაცევტიკაში, არამედ მსგავსი სიწმინდის წყლის მომხმარებელი წარმოებებისათვის.Water is the most widely used substance, raw material or starting material in the production, processing and formulation of pharmaceutical products. For prepare water for pharmaceutical use (WPU) as a starting material drinking water is used. Pharmacopoeial requirements or guidance for WPU are described in national, regional and international pharmacopoeias. Another document is WHO good manufacturing practices: water for pharmaceutical use. This recommendation is relevant guidancen for each anufacturer of pharmaceutical products and active pharmaceutical ingredients. The article describes the world regulation of pharmaceutical and purified water, which is recommended to WHO countries.This water is not only for pharmaceuticals, but similar users of purified water
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