59 research outputs found

    Glimpses of the Third Millennium BC in the Carpathian Basin

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    The relative and absolute chronology of the cultural groups of the 3rd millennium BC is a particularly exciting field of prehistoric research because this period spans the assumed boundary of two major periods — the final phase of the Copper Age and the initial phase of the Early Bronze Age. The transition from one major archaeological period to the next no doubt involved major structural changes. The transition period roughly spanning the middle third of the 3rd millennium BC, i.e. the period between the close of the Late Copper Age and the Early Bronze Age 2a in Hungary, corresponds to what is known as the Late Eneolithic in Central Europe and is generally divided into three main phases: 1. the late Baden, 2. the post-Baden/Vučedol, and 3. the post-Vučedol period. The transition in the Carpathian Basin had a mosaic patterning: the rhythm of change varied from region to region and the transformation in each major region followed a different cultural trajectory (Fig. 1, Table 1). This period is here examined in the light of two recently discovered finds from Hungary (Fig. 2, Fig. 4). The finds described here offered a glimpse into the transitional period between the Copper Age and the Bronze Age, with a focus on southern Transdanubia. The more or less identical artefacts and decorative styles appearing roughly synchronously in several regions reflect the period’s cultural contacts spanning extensive territories. The mapping of these communications networks and the clarification of the period’s finer chronological details based on the growing corpus of data will no doubt remain one of the priorities of future research. | A Kr. e. 3. Ă©vezred relatĂ­v Ă©s abszolĂșt kronolĂłgiai viszonyainak kutatĂĄsa kĂŒlönösen izgalmas terĂŒlete az Ƒskor vizsgĂĄlatĂĄnak, hiszen kĂ©t nagy korszak feltĂ©telezett hatĂĄrĂĄn, a rĂ©zkor kĂ©sei Ă©s a bronzkor kezdeti fĂĄzisainak megismerĂ©sĂ©t foglalja magĂĄban. A nagy rĂ©gĂ©szeti korszak definĂ­ciĂłk azt sejtetik, hogy fontos strukturĂĄlis vĂĄltozĂĄsok ĂĄllnak mögöttĂŒk. A Kr. e. 3. Ă©vezred közĂ©psƑ harmadĂĄra tehetƑ ĂĄtmeneti idƑszakot, vagyis a magyarorszĂĄgi kĂ©sƑ rĂ©zkor vĂ©ge Ă©s kora bronzkor 2a közötti korszakot, közĂ©p-eurĂłpai szemszögbƑl tekintve a kĂ©sƑ eneolitikum idƑszakĂĄt hĂĄrom fƑbb szakaszra tagoltan vizsgĂĄlhatjuk: 1. kĂ©sƑ Baden, 2. post-Baden/ Vučedol korszak, 3. post-Vučedol korszak. A KĂĄrpĂĄt-medence tĂ©rsĂ©gĂ©ben egy mozaikos jellegƱ, fokozatos, terĂŒletenkĂ©nt vĂĄltozĂłan eltĂ©rƑ ĂŒtemƱ Ă©s tendenciĂĄjĂș ĂĄtalakulĂĄsnak lehetĂŒnk tanĂși (Fig. 1, Table 1). EzĂșttal kĂ©t magyarorszĂĄgi lelet alapjĂĄn vizsgĂĄljuk a korszakot (Fig. 2, Fig. 4). A bemutatott leletek segĂ­tsĂ©gĂ©vel a rĂ©zkor Ă©s bronzkor ĂĄtmeneti idƑszakĂĄnak nĂ©hĂĄny kĂ©rdĂ©sĂ©t tekintjĂŒk ĂĄt, kĂŒlönösen a DĂ©l-DunĂĄntĂșl terĂŒletĂ©re fĂłkuszĂĄlva. A kor nagy tĂĄvolsĂĄgokat ĂĄtfogĂł kapcsolatrendszerĂ©nek maradandĂł lenyomatĂĄt Ƒrzik azok a tĂĄrgyak/stĂ­luslemek, melyek több rĂ©giĂłban közel egyidƑben Ă©s hasonlĂł jellegben talĂĄlhatĂłk meg. Ezek alapjĂĄn fontos feladat lesz ennek/ezeknek a kommunikĂĄciĂłs hĂĄlĂłzat(ok)nak a tovĂĄbbi feltĂ©rkĂ©pezĂ©se Ă©s a folyamatosan gyarapodĂł adatok alapjĂĄn kronolĂłgiai összefĂŒggĂ©seik tisztĂĄzĂĄsa

    Kakucs-Balla-domb. A Case Study in the Absolute and Relative Chronology of the Vatya Culture

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    The present study hopes to contribute to Middle Bronze Age studies in two specific areas: first, by publishing a new series of radiocarbon dates for a period from which there are few absolute dates, and second, by describing a less known area in the Vatya distribution based on the investigations at Kakucs

    A DĂ©l-DunĂĄntĂșl kora bronzkori törtĂ©nete = The History of the Early Bronze Age in South-Transdanubia

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    A kutatĂĄsi program legfontosabb eredmĂ©nye kĂ©t jelentƑs kora bronzkori (Kr. e. 3. Ă©vezred közĂ©psƑ harmada) dĂ©l-dunĂĄntĂșli telepĂŒlĂ©s, PĂ©cs-NagyĂĄrpĂĄd-DiĂłstetƑ Ă©s KaposĂșjlak-VĂĄrdomb, elsƑdleges rĂ©gĂ©szeti feldolgozĂĄsa. Ez magĂĄban foglalja a dokumentĂĄciĂł rendezĂ©sĂ©t, digitalizĂĄlĂĄsĂĄt, tovĂĄbbĂĄ a rĂ©gĂ©szeti jelensĂ©gek leĂ­rĂĄsĂĄt, valamint a rendkĂ­vĂŒl gazdag kerĂĄmia Ă©s tĂĄrgyi leletanyag feldolgozĂĄsĂĄt. PĂ©cs-NagyĂĄrpĂĄd lelƑhelyen 1963–67 között közel 10,000 m2-en, kb. 138 objektumot tĂĄrtak fel. KaposĂșjlak-VĂĄrdombon 2002-ben a tĂ©rsĂ©g ma ismert legnagyobb kora bronzkori telepĂŒlĂ©srĂ©szlete: 29,000 m2-en közel 500 objektum vĂĄlt ismerttĂ©. A leletanyag teljes ĂĄttekintĂ©se mindkĂ©t lelƑhelyen kulcsfontossĂĄgĂș volt. Ennek eredmĂ©nyekĂ©nt NagyĂĄrpĂĄdon megĂĄllapĂ­thattuk, hogy a korabeli ĂĄsatĂĄsi mĂłdszerekkel nem minden esetben sikerĂŒlt az összetett, kĂŒlönbözƑ korĂș objektumok elkĂŒlönĂ­tĂ©se. A korĂĄbban mĂĄr ismert kĂ©sƑ rĂ©zkori/kora bronzkori megtelepedĂ©s mellett a kĂ©sƑ bronzkori halomsĂ­ros idƑszak Ă©s urnamezƑs kultĂșra jelenlĂ©tĂ©t is kimutattuk. KaposĂșjlakon Baden/Kostolac/kĂ©sƑ Vučedol-SomogyvĂĄr-Vinkovci/Kisapostag kronolĂłgiai Ă©s kulturĂĄlis fejlƑdĂ©s egy lelƑhelyen belĂŒl tanulmĂĄnyozhatĂł. Emiatt a lelƑhely megkerĂŒlhetetlen lesz a rĂ©zkor Ă©s bronzkor közötti ĂĄtmeneti idƑszak jövƑbeli kutatĂĄsĂĄban. A program kitƱnƑ lehetƑsĂ©get teremtett arra, hogy azonos szempontok alapjĂĄn vizsgĂĄljuk a kĂ©t közel egykorĂș telepĂŒlĂ©s belsƑ struktĂșrĂĄjĂĄt, regionĂĄlis Ă©s kronolĂłgiai összefĂŒggĂ©seit. | The most important result of the project is the primary investigation of the two significant Early Bronze Age settlements in the Southern Transdanubian: PĂ©cs-NagyĂĄrpĂĄd and KaposĂșjlak-VĂĄrdomb. The research covers the catalogization and digitization of the documentation and the description and study of the rich archaeological findings. At the NagyĂĄrpĂĄd site, between 1963 and 1967, c. 138 features were found in an area of 10,000m2. In 2002, the largest known EBA settlement in the region was discovered at KaposĂșjlak, which covers 29,000m2 and contains c. 500 features. The complete investigation of both sites was critical. During the research we draw the conclusion, that due to the state-of-the-art archaeological techniques at the time of the excavation, it was hard and not always successful to distinguish and separate the complex and time-wise different features. At this site, we identified Late Bronze Age Tumulus and Urnfield Culture presence above the already described Late Copper/Early Bronze Age settlements. At KaposĂșjlak, the Baden/Kostolac/Late Vučedol-SomogyvĂĄr-Vinkovci/Kisapostag periods are all present, which enables the study of their cultural development at a single site. Due to this reason, the site will be unavoidable in the future research of the transition period between the Copper and Bronze Age. The research project was a great opportunity to study the internal structure, regional and chronological connections of two contemporary settlements with similar methods

    Transformations in the Carpathian Basin around 1600 B. C.

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    Um die Zeit des Vulkanausbruchs von Thera fanden wichtige VerĂ€nderungen im Karpatenbecken statt. Diese sogenannte Koszider Epoche korrespondiert mit der letzten Phase der mittleren Bronzezeit in der ungarischen Terminologie und stellt den Übergang zur spĂ€ten Bronzezeit dar. Die Untersuchung dieser Epoche hat sich bisher als kontrovers erwiesen – sowohl unter ungarischen als auch mitteleuropĂ€ischen Wissenschaftlern. Erst in den letzten Jahren ist diese Epoche nicht mehr als kurzer Zeitraum, mit der ein bestimmtes historisches Ereignis verbunden werden kann, interpretiert worden. Vielmehr sieht man sie nun als eine lĂ€nger dauernde Periode an, welche die BlĂŒtezeit der mittleren Bronzezeit im Karpatenbecken markiert und die mit einschneidenden VerĂ€nderungen endet. Die Hauptelemente dieses Wandels sind allerdings noch unklar. Unser Ziel ist es, den Wandel durch den Vergleich verschiedener Aspekte dreier aufeinanderfolgender Phasen zu untersuchen. Am Ende sollen einige neue ErwĂ€gungen stehen, die die bisherigen Interpretationen dieser VerĂ€nderungen erweitern können. | Around the time of the Thera eruption important transformations occurred in the Carpathian Basin. This is the so-called Koszider Period, which corresponds to the last phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) in the Hungarian terminology and represents a transition to the Late Bronze Age. The assessment of the period has been controversial among both Hungarian and central European scholars. In the past few years this period has been interpreted not as a short »horizon« connected to a specific historical event, but as a longer period that represented the heyday of the MBA in the Carpathian Basin, which ended with significant transformations. The main elements of this transformation, however, are still unclear. Our aim is to investigate this transformation through the comparison of several aspects of three subsequent phases and to amend the previously offered interpretations of the changes with a few new considerations

    Az iskolai ĂĄmokfutĂĄsok

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