171 research outputs found
Perinatal protein deprivation facilitates accumbal ERK phosphorylation in cocaine-sensitized adult rats
In previous studies we described that perinatal protein deprivation facilitates the development and expression of behavioral sensitization to cocaine. In this research, we explored whether the increased reactivity observed in deprived (D) versus control (C) rats is also evident during drug-free withdrawal periods. Considering that activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) is suggested to be involved in cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization, we study the effects of perinatal protein deprivation on phosphorylated ERK2 (pERK2) protein levels in the NAc (core and shell) during different drug-free withdrawal periods. To induce behavioral sensitization, C- and D-rats received a daily injection of cocaine (5-10. mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days and locomotor activity was performed on days 1 and 7. Cocaine-sensitized animals were left drug-free and pERK2 was assessed on withdrawal days (WD) 1, 4, 7 and 21. In the NAc core, cocaine induced ERK signaling pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner, and only D-rats showed a significant increase in pERK2 protein levels with the lowest dose of cocaine (5. mg/kg). Moreover, sensitized C-rats with 10. mg/kg showed an increase in pERK2 levels from WD7 while D-rats showed this activation on WD4, which remained increased on WD7 and 21. In contrast, in the NAc shell, only sensitized D-rats with cocaine 10. mg/kg showed ERK2 activation on WD21. These results suggest that perinatal protein deprivation facilitates the molecular processes involved in neuronal plasticity occurring during withdrawal.Fil: Velazquez, Evelin Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Valdomero, Analía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Maldonado, Noelia Martina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Orsingher, Otto Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Cuadra, Gabriel R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; Argentin
Estudio de pre factibilidad para la producción y comercialización de detergente en polvo biodegradable en el municipio de Itagüí
Se producirá y comercializará un detergente en polvo biodegradable, como una respuesta al deterioro ambiental y a suplir una necesidad (limpieza) latente en el medio social.
Es un detergente desmanchador, blanqueador, bajo en espuma y de alto rendimiento para utilizarse en máquinas de lavado automático y en lavado manual, dado que también es suave al contacto con la piel.
De acuerdo a los archivos consultados en la Cámara de Comercio de Medellín y en el DANE, no existe producción registrada en dichas dependencias relacionada con detergentes biodegradables en polvo en Colombia, situación que concluye una demanda insatisfecha en el mercado del producto, más aún, cuando en la actualidad se pueden encontrar dos o tres marcas extranjeras de detergentes biodegradables en polvo en el mercado nacional
En activos fijos se requiere una inversión aproximada de 10 millones de pesos y en crédito bancario 35 millones de pesos para la compra de los insumos y el inicio de la producción y comercialización a través de un crédito Bancoldex, bien sea en el Bancolombia o en el Banco Popular, dependiendo de la tasa de intermediación que cada uno esté ofreciendo en el momento.
Inicialmente el proyecto se implementará en el Municipio de Itagüí; se cubrirá el 10% de las familia itaguiseñas aprovechando la calidad de “Ciudad Industrial de Colombia”, ya que la consecución de los insumos para la elaboración del detergente, se facilita por la cantidad de proveedores de los mismos quienes se encuentran localizados en dicho municipio.
El proyecto arrojará una utilidad anual aproximada de 30 millones de pesos; y además tendrá gran acogida, ya que no representa peligro alguno para el medio ambiente por su biodegradabilidad, teniendo en cuenta su alto grado de rendimiento en comparación con los detergentes comercialmente conocidos.
Con base en la evaluación financiera realizada al proyecto, el punto de equilibrio se alcanza entre el sexto y séptimo mes.
La tasa de interés de oportunidad (TIO) para el momento es del 8%, arrojando un resultado de 71.182.000.oo como valor presente neto (V.P.N).
Con el flujo inicial del proyecto, se ha calculado la Tasa de interés de oportunidad (TIR) en un 60%.
De acuerdo a la evaluación Financiera efectuada al proyecto, se puede apreciar que el mismo es viable.
El proyecto generará un impacto altamente positivo en la comunidad, dado que no solo servirá como desmanchador y despercudidor, sino también que no contaminará la naturaleza, dadas sus características de biodegradabilidad, además, su precio estará a nivel de los detergentes convencionales.
Igualmente, se generarán (inicialmente) mínimo cinco empleos directos, los cuales aumentarán de acuerdo al crecimiento y posicionamiento de la empresa; adicionalmente, se utilizarán casi un 90% de los insumos producidos en la localidad, ayudando de esta forma a las microempresas en su desarrollo.
Finalmente, se ha considerado como parte crítica del proyecto la legislación que en la actualidad rige sobre el Carbonato Sódico, ya que es considerado como precursor (utilizado para la fabricación de cocaína), pero de acuerdo a las exigencias de la misma ley colombiana, demostrando un adecuado control y utilización del mismo para la producción del detergente biodegradable, se obtiene la licencia para su utilización
beta(2 -> 1) chicory and beta(2 -> 1)-beta(2 -> 6) agave fructans protect the human intestinal barrier function in vitro in a stressor-dependent fashion
Dietary fibers such as fructans can protect the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, but the mechanisms underlying this protection are not completely understood. We aimed to study the protective effect of β(2→1)-β(2→6) branched graminan-type fructans (GTFs) on gut epithelial barrier function that was disrupted by three different agents which impact the barrier function via different cellular mechanisms. The effects of GTFs were compared with those of linear β(2→1) inulin-type fructans (ITFs). T84 intestinal epithelial monolayers were incubated with GTFs and ITFs. Afterwards, the monolayers were challenged with the barrier disruptors calcium ionophore A23187, 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and deoxynivalenol (DON). Transepithelial resistance was measured with an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing system. All fructans studied prevented the barrier disruption induced by A23187. ITF II protected from the disruptive effects of PMA. However, none of the studied fructans influenced the disruption induced by DON. As a measure of disruption-induced inflammation, interleukin-8 (IL-8) production by the intestinal epithelium was determined by ELISA. The production of IL-8 induced by A23187 was decreased by all fructans, whereas IL-8 production induced by DON decreased only upon pre-treatment with ITF II. None of the studied fructans prevented PMA induced IL-8 production. GTFs just like ITFs can influence the barrier function and inflammatory processes in gut epithelial cells in a structure-dependent fashion. These distinct protective effects are dependent on the different signaling pathways that lead to gut barrier disruption
The Simultaneous Local Metric Dimension of Graph Families
In a graph G = ( V , E ) , a vertex v ∈ V is said to distinguish two vertices x and y if d G ( v , x ) ≠ d G ( v , y ) . A set S ⊆ V is said to be a local metric generator for G if any pair of adjacent vertices of G is distinguished by some element of S. A minimum local metric generator is called a local metric basis and its cardinality the local metric dimension of G. A set S ⊆ V is said to be a simultaneous local metric generator for a graph family G = { G 1 , G 2 , … , G k } , defined on a common vertex set, if it is a local metric generator for every graph of the family. A minimum simultaneous local metric generator is called a simultaneous local metric basis and its cardinality the simultaneous local metric dimension of G . We study the properties of simultaneous local metric generators and bases, obtain closed formulae or tight bounds for the simultaneous local metric dimension of several graph families and analyze the complexity of computing this parameter
XMM-Newton View of the Multi-Phase Warm Absorber in Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC985
We present an analysis of an XMM-Newton observation of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy
NGC 985. The EPIC spectra present strong residuals to a single power-law model,
indicating the presence of ionized absorbing gas and a soft excess. A
broad-band fit to the EPIC and RGS spectra shows that the continuum can be well
fit with a power-law and a blackbody component. The RGS can be modeled either
with two or three absorption components. In the two absorber model the
low-ionization one, accounts for the presence of the Fe M-shell unresolved
transition array (Fe VII-XIII), and the high ionization component is required
by the presence of several Fe L-shell transitions. The data suggest the
presence of a third ionized component with higher ionization, so that the Fe
L-shell absorption features are produced by two different components (one
producing absorption by Fe XVII-XX, and the other absorption by Fe XX-XXII).
However, the presence of the third absorbing component cannot be detected by
means of an isolated absorption line in a significant way, so we consider this
detection only as tentative. Interestingly, all ionization components have
similar kinematics. In addition, whether two or three absorbers are considered,
the components appear to be in pressure balance. These results give further
support to the idea that warm absorbers in AGN consist of a two or three-phase
medium. We note that, while in the model with only two absorbers one of them
(the high ionization component) lies on an unstable branch of the thermal
equilibrium curve, in the model with three absorbers all of the components lie
on stable branches of the curve. This gives further plausibility to a
multi-phase absorber.Comment: Acepted for publication in Ap
Aplicación de técnicas geofísicas para evaluar un sistema hidrogeológico fracturado en un sector del Macizo del Deseado – Santa Cruz
Con el fin de identificar preliminarmente las características hidrogeológicas favorables para la localización de perforaciones destinadas al seguimiento ambiental de un sector del Macizo del Deseado, provincia de Santa Cruz, se implementó un estudio geofísico integrado utilizando las técnicas geoléctricas SEV (Sondeo Eléctrico Vertical), y líneas de Tomografía Eléctrica. El estudio e interpretación del relevamiento geofísico reveló las áreas cuyos valores de resistividad pueden vincularse a un sustrato rocoso escasamente alterado, como así también los valores que señalan diversos grados de alteración hasta los 70 metros de profundidad. Para la obtención de evidencias directas del sustrato, se ejecutaron cinco perforaciones distribuidas estratégicamente, sobre las que se efectuaron ensayos hidráulicos específicos tendientes a determinar los parámetros hidrogeológicos locales. La información brindada por los estudios geofísicos, la obtenida durante la construcción de pozos de monitoreo, los parámetros hidráulicos de los ensayos de bombeo y la relacionada a la hidrodinámica subterránea del sitio, fue integrada para elaborar el modelo conceptual del sitio.In order to identify hydrogeological characteristics favorable for the location of environmental monitoring drilling in a sector of the Deseado Massif of Santa Cruz province an integrated geophysical study using geolectrics VES (vertical electrical sounding), and Electrical Tomography lines were implemented. The study and interpretation of geophysical survey revealed the areas whose resistivity values can be assigned to a slightly altered bedrock as well as values that indicates varying degrees of alteration to 70 meters deep. To obtain direct evidences of the substrate, five boreholes strategically distributed were done. Then, specific hydraulic tests were carried out to determine the local hydrogeological parameters. The information provided by geophysical studies, as to that obtained during the construction of the monitoring wells, the hydraulic parameters of pumping tests and those related with the groundwater hydrodynamic of the site, were integrated to elaborate a conceptual model about the hydrogeological setting of the substrate.Universidad Nacional de La Plat
Delivery mode-associated gut microbiota in the first 3 months of life in a country with high obesity rates A descriptive study
Delivery methods during childbirth and their related gut microbiota profiles have important impacts on health later in life, they can contribute to the development of diseases such as obesity, whose highest prevalence rate is found among the Mexican child population. Coincidentally, Mexico has one of the highest global average annual rate increase in cesarean births (C-section). Since Mexico leads the world in childhood obesity, studying the relationship between childbirth delivery methods and gut microbiota profiles in this vulnerable population may be used to identify early risk factors for obesity in other developed and developing countries. The objective of this study is to determine the association between child delivery method and gut microbiota profiles in healthy Mexican newborns. Fecal samples of 57 term infants who participated in a randomized clinical trial in 2013 to study the safety ofAgavefructans in newborns, were used in this study. DNA samples were extracted and used to characterize the microbiota composition using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The samples were further divided based on childbirth delivery method, as well as early diet. Gut microbiota profiles were determined and analyzed using cluster analysis followed by multiple correspondence analysis. An unusual high abundance of Proteobacteria was found in the gut microbiota of all Mexican infants studied, regardless of delivery method. Feces from infants born by C-section had low levels of Bacteroidetes, high levels of Firmicutes, especiallyClostridiumandEnterococcus, and a strikingly high ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F:B). Profiles enriched in Bacteroidetes and low F:B ratios, were strongly associated with vaginal delivery. The profile of gut microbiota associated with feces from Mexican infants born by C-section, may be added to the list of boosting factors for the worrying obesity epidemic in Mexico
Re-thinking the Etiological Framework of Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative diseases are among the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. The disease-related socioeconomic burden is expected to increase with the steadily increasing life expectancy. In spite of decades of clinical and basic research, most strategies designed to manage degenerative brain diseases are palliative. This is not surprising as neurodegeneration progresses "silently" for decades before symptoms are noticed. Importantly, conceptual models with heuristic value used to study neurodegeneration have been constructed retrospectively, based on signs and symptoms already present in affected patients;a circumstance that may confound causes and consequences. Hence, innovative, paradigm-shifting views of the etiology of these diseases are necessary to enable their timely prevention and treatment. Here, we outline four alternative views, not mutually exclusive, on different etiological paths toward neurodegeneration. First, we propose neurodegeneration as being a secondary outcome of a primary cardiovascular cause with vascular pathology disrupting the vital homeostatic interactions between the vasculature and the brain, resulting in cognitive impairment, dementia, and cerebrovascular events such as stroke. Second, we suggest that the persistence of senescent cells in neuronal circuits may favor, together with systemic metabolic diseases, neurodegeneration to occur. Third, we argue that neurodegeneration may start in response to altered body and brain trophic interactions established via the hardwire that connects peripheral targets with central neuronal structures or by means of extracellular vesicle (E\-mediated communication. Lastly, we elaborate on how lifespan body dysbiosis may be linked to the origin of neurodegeneration. We highlight the existence of bacterial products that modulate the gut-brain axis causing neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction. As a concluding section, we end by recommending research avenues to investigate these etiological paths in the future. We think that this requires an integrated, interdisciplinary conceptual research approach based on the investigation of the multimodal aspects of physiology and pathophysiology. It involves utilizing proper conceptual models, experimental animal units, and identifying currently unused opportunities derived from human data. Overall, the proposed etiological paths and experimental recommendations will be important guidelines for future cross-discipline research to overcome the translational roadblock and to develop causative treatments for neurodegenerative diseases
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