Cultura política : a tentativa de construção de um conceito adequado à América Latina

O presente artigo tem como objetivo redimensionar o conceito de Cultura Política para a sua melhor utilização na realidade latino-americana. Parte do princípio de que um conceito, para ser entendido como tal, precisa ser universal, no sentido de ser aplicável a todas as situações em que for necessário. No entanto, se nenhuma ciência é neutra, as Ciências Sociais, e especificamente a Ciência Política, em função dos seus objetos e da suas naturezas, são particularmente sensíveis ao ambiente sociopolítico. É o que se vê no referido conceito. Ao ter sido construído no auge da Guerra Fria, o conceito de Cultura Política incorporou toda a carga ideológica de então, constituindo-se em um perfeito fruto do seu tempo

Political Culture

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from WileyThis article critically discusses the field of political culture research. It reviews the historical development of the concept of political culture since the 1950s. It examines some of the key authors and approaches in political science and political sociology. Special attention is paid to the conceptual and methodological innovations of the last few decades, including neo-Tocquevillian, multi-causal and neo-Durkheimian approaches to the study of the concept

Democratization and Civic Capital in Italy

We document a sharp reversal in electoral participation between the North and the South of Italy after the 1912 enfranchisement which extended voting rights from a limited lite to (almost) all adult males. When voting was restricted to the elite, electoral turnout was higher in the South but falls significantly below that in the North after the enfranchisement. Furthermore the new gap is never bridged over the following century and participation remains lower in the South despite the enrichment of democratic institutions and further extension of voting rights to the female population during the post war democratic republic. This pattern in the data is consistent with a simple model where individuals' voting in political elections is affected by private benefits and by civic duty, only elites can grab private benefits from participation in politics and civic culture differs across communities. We also find that extension of voting rights to non-elites results in a significant transfer of power to their political organizations only among populations with a high sense of civic duties. Together with the very persistent gap in participation between North and South our findings suggest that democratization - a process of concession of democratic rights - can benefit non-elites only when the latter have already a high sense of civic capital and is unlikely to be a viable avenue for inducing norms of civic behavior.democracy, culture, civic capital, institutions formation, voting

Explaining Dissent: A Comparative Study on How Political Culture and Socialization Account for Disparate Levels of Political Violence in Protest

Conventional theory suggests that the level of political violence a state experiences in protest directly correlates to the government structure of the state; this school of thought expects liberal democracies to be relatively peaceful while authoritarian states are expected to have high levels of violence. This study aims to counter this belief and instead explores the relationship that socialization and the political culture of a state have on political violence. Using comparative analyses of four case studies – looking at Iran, the United States, France, and Russia within these cases – my research tests models created for this thesis that allow for observations to be made about political violence. My results indicate that neither socialization, political culture, nor the government structure of a state can be solely linked to the level of political violence in a state. Rather, it is a combination of all these elements and much more

Changing political culture and electoral behavior in Malaysia

The reform movement of 1998 and the general elections in 1999 are argued by many to have brought about a shift in Malaysian political culture, which became evident in 2008 elections. Studies conducted before 1999, based on fragmentary evidence, pictured Malaysia as having a “subject” political culture. The post-2008 survey data presents a picture of a high level of participation approximating the “participant” political culture. This change in political culture is due, among other reasons, to the poor regime performance, the emergence of civil society and the availability of alternative media. The 2008 elections, which witnessed the emergence of a “strong” opposition in the parliament, reflect the maturity of theMalaysian electorate, noticeably since 2004, which augurs well for democracy in the country

The “Political Functions” of “Pilgrimage” in Shiite Political Culture

In this paper, the political functions of pilgrimage in Shiite political culture at both national and international levels are studied. It is attempting to answer the question of what are the political functions of pilgrimage in Shiite political culture and how do they affect the political arena at national and international levels? The article is inspired by Durkheim's theory of the impact of social rituals on solidarity, theoretical literature on political socialization, as well as on the political effects of the religious and spiritual. However, the paper does not emphasize these theories as the theoretical framework of the article, because they are shaped in contexts that have little to do with Iranian society. Therefore, relying on them can lead to misleading results in scientific research in relation to Iranian society. At the national level, the functions of political socialization, the development of personal and social identity, political stability and the strengthening of national solidarity have been examined as political functions of pilgrimage. Strengthening solidarity among nations, expanding intergovernmental relations, strengthening regional political discourses, Political and Media Streaming, and enhancing cultural deterrence capabilities have also been described as political functions of pilgrimage to the international arena. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method of documentary analysis and the results show that the role of pilgrimage in Shiite political culture is not only in the field of rituals and has a great influence in the political field