COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-up

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a viral respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), may predispose patients to thrombotic disease, both in the venous and arterial circulations, due to excessive inflammation, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis. In addition, many patients receiving antithrombotic therapy for thrombotic disease may develop COVID-19, which can have implications for choice, dosing, and laboratory monitoring of antithrombotic therapy. Moreover, during a time with much focus on COVID-19, it is critical to consider how to optimize the available technology to care for patients without COVID-19 who have thrombotic disease. Herein, we review the current understanding of the pathogenesis, epidemiology, management and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 who develop venous or arterial thrombosis, and of those with preexisting thrombotic disease who develop COVID-19, or those who need prevention or care for their thrombotic disease during the COVID-19 pandemic.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155446/1/Bikdeli-2020-COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromb.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155446/3/DeepBluepermissions_agreement-CCBYandCCBY-NC_ORCID_Barnes.docxhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155446/4/license_rdf.rdfDescription of Bikdeli-2020-COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromb.pdf : ArticleDescription of DeepBluepermissions_agreement-CCBYandCCBY-NC_ORCID_Barnes.docx : Deep Blue sharing agreemen

Incidencia de fasciolosis ovina y caprina en el norte del Cesar y sur de La Guajira

La fasciolosis es una enfermedad importante causada por el parásito Fasciola hepática rumiantes domésticos y ocasionalmente al hombre por lo cual tiene una gran importancia en salud transporte indiscriminado de animales ha permitido que este tremátodo se asiente y complete el ciclo biológico en regiones del trópico seco, como el norte del Cesar y sur de La Guajira de Colombia. Objetivo: identificar la incidencia de fasciolosis en ovinos y caprinos. Métodos: 1039 ovinos y caprinos seleccionados aleatoriamente sin discriminación de sexo o edad de diez municipios de los dos departamentos. Se colectaron muestras de materia fecal por palpación rectal (apróx. 100 g para diagnóstico parasitológico) mediante la técnica de Dennis a partir de muestras colectadas en agosto del 2015 a mayo del 2016, los huevos recuperados fueron analizados morfológicamente a través de microscopía de luz (aumentos de 10 x y 40 x). Resultados: para el total de la población analizada de 1039 animales de las dos especies, 150 se encontraron positivos (14,43%), un total de 27 en caprinos (18%): 26 hembras y 1 macho; 123 en ovinos (82%), 111 hembras y 12 machos. Conclusiones: se demuestra con este estudio la importancia de fasciolosis en la ganadería ovino-caprina del norte del Cesar y sur de la Guajira para que se tomen medidas de control en procesos de inspección sanitaria por su impacto en salud pública.Fascioliasis is an important disease caused by the parasite Fasciola hepatica, which usually attacks production animals, especially domestic ruminants and occasionally humans, which is why it is of great importance in public health. Commonly described in temperate and humid regions, the indiscriminate transport of animals has allowed this trematode to settle and complete the biological cycle in regions of the dry tropics, such as north of Cesar and south of La Guajira of Colombia. Objective: to identify the incidence of fasciolosis in sheep and goats. Methods: 1039 sheep and goats without discrimination of sex or age of ten municipalities of the two departments randomly were selected. Samples of fecal material were collected by rectal palpation (approximately 100 gr for parasitological diagnosis) using the Dennis technique from samples collected in August 2015 to May 2016. The recovered eggs were analyzed morphologically through light microscopy (increases of 10 x and 40 x). Results: for the total of the analyzed population of 1039 animals of the two species, 150 were positive (14.43%), a total of 27 in goats (18%): 26 females and 1 male; 123 in sheep (82%), 111 females and 12 males. Conclusions: this study demonstrates the importance of fasciolosis in ovine-caprine livestock of north Cesar and south of La Guajira to will take control measures in sanitary inspection processes due to their impact on public health

Miocardiopatía restrictiva por amiloidosis

La miocardiopatía restrictiva es una presentación infrecuente de la amiloidosis y la forma más rara de las miocardiopatías. Hay depósito del amiloide en las paredes del corazón que limita su llenado y contribuye a largo plazo, a la insuficiencia cardiaca. Se presenta un caso, análisis de la fisiopatología, los métodos diagnósticos y su tratamiento

Resposta de linfonodos em bovinos inoculados a campo com a vacina recombinante rSBm7462 anti Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus)

A dependência exclusiva de compostos químicos para o controle de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tornou-se uma das maiores preocupações científicas e econômicas dos últimos anos, e como consequência, estão sendo realizadas pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de vacinas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta de linfonodos de bovinos imunizados a campo com o peptídeo rSBm7462 anti R. (B.) microplus. Foram utilizados 14 bovinos mestiços (Bos taurus x Bos indicus), com idades entre 4-10 meses, mantidos em duas propriedades rurais do norte do estado de Minas Gerais. Os animais receberam três imunizações do peptídeo rSBm7462, aplicados por via subcutânea, com intervalo de 30 dias. Após 15 dias de cada imunização, os linfonodos pré-escapulares foram coletados e fixados por 18 horas em formol. Posteriormente, foram incluídos em Paraplast e as amostras foram coradas pela técnica hematoxilina-eosina (HE) para a observação de eventos celulares. Para a identificação do antígeno nos linfonodos dos animais imunizados, foi realizada a técnica de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) com o método peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP). A resposta de linfonodos dos bovinos inoculados foi avaliada pelas análises de formação de centros germinais (CG), hiperplasia de cordões medulares (CM) e a presença do antígeno rSBm7462 em células PAP+, demonstrando que o peptídeo recombinante rSBm7462 induz uma resposta imune adaptativa T-dependente, caracterizada nos tecidos linfóides secundários pela formação de estruturas que conferem afinidade e memória imunológica

Babesia bovis: expression of adhesion molecules in bovine umbilical endothelial cells stimulated with plasma from infected cattle

Ten male, 12-month-old Jersey with intact spleens, serologically and parasitologically free from Babesia were housed individually in an arthropod-free isolation system from birth and throughout entire experiment. The animals were randomly divided into two groups. Five animals (group A) were intravenously inoculated with 6.6 X10(7) red blood cells parasitized with pathogenic sample of Babesia bovis (passage 7 BboUFV-1), for the subsequent "ex vivo" determination of the expression of adhesion molecules. Five non-inoculated animals (group B) were used as the negative control. The expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM, PECAM-1 E-selectin and thrombospondin (TSP) was measured in bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (BUVECs). The endothelial cells stimulated with a pool of plasma from animals infected with the BboUFV-1 7th passage sample had a much more intense immunostaining of ICAM-1, VCAM, PECAM-1 E-selectin and TSP, compared to the cells which did not received the stimulus. The results suggest that proinflammatory cytokines released in the acute phase of babesiosis may be involved in the expression of adhesion molecules thereby implicating them in the pathophysiology of babesiosis caused by B. bovis

Intestinal changes and performance parameters in ticks feeding on calves immunized with subunits of immunogens against Rhipicephalus microplus

We describe the intestinal changes and biological parameters of the tick species Rhipicephalus microplus exposed to the immune response of calves vaccinated with two subunits of immunogens. The first group of Bos taurus calves was immunized with a synthetic peptide (SBm7462), whereas the second group received an inoculum for synthetic control. The third group was immunized with a recombinant peptide (rSBm7462); an inoculum was injected into a fourth group of calves for recombinant control. Each formulation was administered to these calves during three times at intervals of 30 days. At 21 days after the last immunization, the calves were challenged using a total of 4500 larvae per animal. Indirect ELISA was realized to identify the kinetics of IgGs from samples of calves studied. Naturally detaching ticks were collected for analyses of biological performance and histological changes in the midgut. We dissected randomly detached ticks. The midgut of each of these ticks was removed and processed routinely for histology, stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and slow Giemsa. Slides were also subjected to immunohistochemistry. The antibody response showed significant induction of high-affinity IgGs in calves immunized with both peptides in comparison to calves of the control groups. Histological changes included damage of the intestinal epithelium in ticks fed on immunized hosts and intense immunostaining in midgut cells, using the serum of calves immunized with recombinant peptide. There were significant differences in all biological performing parameters of ticks detached from vaccinated calves in comparison with ticks of the control groups. We identified reductions of 87.7 and 93.5% in engorged ticks detached from calves immunized with a synthetic and recombinant peptides, respectively, a 28 and 8.60% lower egg mass in groups immunized with synthetic and recombinant peptides, respectively, and a 38.4% reduction of the value of nutrient index/tick in the group immunized with the recombinant peptide. Our findings show that the immune response induced by small peptides in cattle can modify the digestion and metabolism of ticks fed on vaccinated animals, resulting in changes in tick performance

Focus-Stacked Images of Fish Jawbones for Stomach Content Analyses: A Case Study with Select Taxa from Tampa Bay, Florida

Trophodynamics and ecosystem models have been increasingly used in evaluating fish stocks, requiring accurate diet data; however, complications with identifications arise when the soft tissues of fish prey break down during digestion, limiting the taxonomic resolution obtained during stomach content analyses. Although scales and otoliths are relatively resistant to digestion, their usefulness for distinguishing among fish prey species is limited. Jawbones are frequently observed in predator stomach contents, and while morphologies of some fishes have been described, available information is frequently inadequate for practical application in stomach content analyses. Line drawings have long been the traditional means to convey complex forms of jawbones, but more recently there has been a shift towards using focus stacking techniques to produce higher quality images. With the aim of increasing taxonomic resolution of fish prey observed in stomach contents, we investigated the utility of using focus stacking methods to generate reference images of fish jawbones for fish taxa. Here we present the methodology used to produce high quality images of jawbones, as well as the descriptions of four common prey species (Microgobius thalassinus, Microgobius gulosus, Lagodon rhomboides, Diplodus holbrookii) from Tampa Bay, Florida. Processed images are available to be viewed here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/myfwc/albums/72157708927360383