55 research outputs found

    The fate and behavior of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in full scale wastewater and sludge treatment unit processes

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    Endocrine disrupting chemicals are discharged into the environment mainly through wastewater treatment processes. There is a need for better understanding of the fate of these compounds in the unit processes of treatment plant to optimize their removal. The fate of oestrone, 17ÎČ-estradiol, 17α-ethinyestradiol and nonylphenol in the unit processes of full scale wastewater treatment plants in the UK, including activated sludge plant, oxidation ditch, biofilter and rotating biological contractor were investigated. The overall removal efficiencies of all the compounds ranged from 41 % to 100 %. The removals were predominantly during the secondary biological treatment with the rates of removal related to the nitrification rates and the sludge age. The removal efficiency of the treatment processes were in the order activated sludge > oxidation ditch > biofilter > rotating biological contractors. Activated sludge plant configured for biological nutrient removal showed better removal of the endocrine disrupting chemicals compared to conventional activated sludge plant effluents. Tertiary treatment was also significant in the removal process through solids removal. Overall mechanisms of removal were biodegradation and sorption unto sludge biomass. Phytoremediation was also significant in the removal processes. The endocrine disrupting chemicals persisted in the anaerobic sludge digestion process with percentage removals ranging fro 10-48 %. Sorption of the endocrine disrupting chemicals onto the sludge increased with increasing values for the partitioning coefficients and the organic carbon contents of the sludge

    Distribution d'estrogĂšnes et de bĂȘtabloquants dans les stations d'Ă©puration des eaux rĂ©siduaires et dans l'eau de surface

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    Estrogens and beta blockers are daily excreted by human beings and wastewater treatmentplants are recognised as the main pathway of these emerging micropollutants to the aquaticenvironment. This study aims at analyzing 5 estrogens (estrone, 17α- and 17ÎČ-estradiol, estriol, 17α-ethynylestradiol) and 10 beta blockers (acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, propranolol, sotalol et timolol) in urban wastewater treatment plants and surface waters.First of all, methods were developed for the analysis of target molecules in sewage sludge and suspended particulate matters. Then, estrogens and beta blockers were studied in urban wastewater treatment plants. Generally, wastewater treatments are efficients to remove estrogens fromwastewater with mean removal rates above 90%. For beta blockers, acebutolol and nadolol areefficiently removed (mean removal rates of about 80%), while sotalol and propranolol are hardlyimpacted by wastewater treatment (mean removal rates below 20%). Other studied beta blockerspresent intermediate removal rates (between 40 and 70%). Except propranolol which is the lesshydrophilic molecule among the different studied beta blockers, target molecules are not adsorbed onsuspended particulate matters (mean proportion of 90% of the target molecules are present in the dissolved phase) and are not concentrated into sludge. So, calculated removal rates correspond,except for propranolol, to biodegradation and not to transfer into sludge. Residual molecules which are not removed by wastewater treatment reach the aquatic environment. The impact of wastewater treatment plants on the receiving rivers was studied showing a clear increase of target molecules concentrations near the wastewater treatment plants outfall. However, only propranolol presented an environmental risk ratio in the range or above 1 showing a possible environmental risk in 4 studied receiving waters out of 15. Never the less, even if no specific toxic effects are pointed out, each molecule contributes to the overall toxic potential of the substances present in the aquatic environment.Les estrogĂšnes et les bĂȘtabloquants transitent quotidiennement par les rĂ©seaux d’assainissement et les stations d’épuration des eaux rĂ©siduaires urbaines. Une premiĂšre partie de ce travail a consistĂ© Ă  dĂ©velopper des mĂ©thodes pour analyser ces micropolluants Ă©mergents dans les boues de station d’épuration et les matiĂšres en suspension. L’efficacitĂ© des traitements Ă©puratoires a ensuite Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e vis-Ă -vis de l’élimination de ces molĂ©cules. En rĂšgle gĂ©nĂ©rale, les 5 estrogĂšnes Ă©tudiĂ©s (estrone, 17α- et 17ÎČ-estradiol, estriol, 17α-Ă©thinylestradiol) sont plutĂŽt bien Ă©liminĂ©s par les stations d’épuration avec des efficacitĂ©s d’élimination gĂ©nĂ©ralement supĂ©rieures Ă  90%. Pour les 10bĂȘtabloquants analysĂ©s (acĂ©butolol, atĂ©nolol, bĂȘtaxolol, bisoprolol, mĂ©toprolol, nadolol, oxprĂ©nolol,propranolol, sotalol et timolol), des comportements diffĂ©rents ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s. Alors que l’acĂ©butololet le nadolol sont Ă©liminĂ©s (abattements moyens supĂ©rieurs Ă  80%), d’autres molĂ©cules comme lesotalol et le propranolol ne sont que peu impactĂ©es par les traitements Ă©puratoires (abattements moyens infĂ©rieurs Ă  20%). Pour les autres bĂȘtabloquants Ă©tudiĂ©s, des abattements intermĂ©diaires (entre 40 et 70%) sont observĂ©s. ExceptĂ© le propranolol, qui est le plus hydrophobe des bĂȘtabloquants Ă©tudiĂ©s, les molĂ©cules ciblĂ©es dans cette Ă©tude s’adsorbent peu sur les matiĂšres en suspension (en moyenne 90% des molĂ©cules se trouvent dans la phase dissoute) et ne sont pas concentrĂ©es dans les boues ; les abattements mesurĂ©s correspondent donc, sauf pour le propranolol,Ă  une biodĂ©gradation et pas Ă  un transfert des micropolluants vers les boues. Les molĂ©cules rĂ©siduelles non Ă©liminĂ©es par le traitement Ă©puratoire rejoignent le milieu aquatique rĂ©cepteur. Les rejets de station d’épuration reprĂ©sentent en effet une source de contamination pour les milieux aquatiques et l’impact de ces rejets est visible, notamment en termes d’augmentation des concentrations de micropolluants mesurĂ©es dans le milieu. NĂ©anmoins, les faibles concentrations mesurĂ©es ne semblent pas individuellement reprĂ©senter de risque environnemental majeur ; seul le propranolol a prĂ©sentĂ© sur 4 des 15 sites Ă©tudiĂ©s un quotient de risque supĂ©rieur Ă  1 ce qui indique un risque environnemental probable. Cependant, mĂȘme si le risque associĂ© Ă  une molĂ©cule est faible,chaque molĂ©cule prĂ©sente dans l’environnement contribue au potentiel toxique global des substances prĂ©sentes dans l’environnement

    Distribution d'estrogĂšnes et de bĂȘtabloquants dans les stations d'Ă©puration des eaux rĂ©siduaires et dans les eaux de surface

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    Estrogens and beta blockers are daily excreted by human beings and wastewater treatment plants are recognised as the main pathway of these emerging micropollutants to the aquatic environment. This study aims at analyzing 5 estrogens (estrone, 17α- and 17ÎČ-estradiol, estriol, 17α-ethynylestradiol) and 10 beta blockers (acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, propranolol, sotalol et timolol) in urban wastewater treatment plants and surface waters. First of all, methods were developed for the analysis of target molecules in sewage sludge and suspended particulate matters. Then, estrogens and beta blockers were studied in urban wastewater treatment plants. Generally, wastewater treatments are efficients to remove estrogens from wastewater with mean removal rates above 90%. For beta blockers, acebutolol and nadolol are efficiently removed (mean removal rates of about 80%), while sotalol and propranolol are hardly impacted by wastewater treatment (mean removal rates below 20%). Other studied beta blockers present intermediate removal rates (between 40 and 70%). Except propranolol which is the less hydrophilic molecule among the different studied beta blockers, target molecules are not adsorbed on suspended particulate matters (mean proportion of 90% of the target molecules are present in the dissolved phase) and are not concentrated into sludge. So, calculated removal rates correspond, except for propranolol, to biodegradation and not to transfer into sludge. Residual molecules which are not removed by wastewater treatment reach the aquatic environment. The impact of wastewater treatment plants on the receiving rivers was studied showing a clear increase of target molecules concentrations near the wastewater treatment plants outfall. However, only propranolol presented an environmental risk ratio in the range or above 1 showing a possible environmental risk in 4 studied receiving waters out of 15. Nevertheless, even if no specific toxic effects are pointed out, each molecule contributes to the overall toxic potential of the substances present in the aquatic environment.Les estrogĂšnes et les bĂȘtabloquants transitent quotidiennement par les rĂ©seaux d'assainissement et les stations d'Ă©puration des eaux rĂ©siduaires urbaines. Une premiĂšre partie de ce travail a consistĂ© Ă  dĂ©velopper des mĂ©thodes pour analyser ces micropolluants Ă©mergents dans les boues de station d'Ă©puration et les matiĂšres en suspension. L'efficacitĂ© des traitements Ă©puratoires a ensuite Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e vis-Ă -vis de l'Ă©limination de ces molĂ©cules. En rĂšgle gĂ©nĂ©rale, les 5 estrogĂšnes Ă©tudiĂ©s (estrone, 17α- et 17ÎČ-estradiol, estriol, 17α-Ă©thinylestradiol) sont plutĂŽt bien Ă©liminĂ©s par les stations d'Ă©puration avec des efficacitĂ©s d'Ă©limination gĂ©nĂ©ralement supĂ©rieures Ă  90%. Pour les 10 bĂȘtabloquants analysĂ©s (acĂ©butolol, atĂ©nolol, bĂȘtaxolol, bisoprolol, mĂ©toprolol, nadolol, oxprĂ©nolol, propranolol, sotalol et timolol), des comportements diffĂ©rents ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s. Alors que l'acĂ©butolol et le nadolol sont Ă©liminĂ©s (abattements moyens supĂ©rieurs Ă  80%), d'autres molĂ©cules comme le sotalol et le propranolol ne sont que peu impactĂ©es par les traitements Ă©puratoires (abattements moyens infĂ©rieurs Ă  20%). Pour les autres bĂȘtabloquants Ă©tudiĂ©s, des abattements intermĂ©diaires (entre 40 et 70%) sont observĂ©s. ExceptĂ© le propranolol, qui est le plus hydrophobe des bĂȘtabloquants Ă©tudiĂ©s, les molĂ©cules ciblĂ©es dans cette Ă©tude s'adsorbent peu sur les matiĂšres en suspension (en moyenne 90% des molĂ©cules se trouvent dans la phase dissoute) et ne sont pas concentrĂ©es dans les boues ; les abattements mesurĂ©s correspondent donc, sauf pour le propranolol, Ă  une biodĂ©gradation et pas Ă  un transfert des micropolluants vers les boues. Les molĂ©cules rĂ©siduelles non Ă©liminĂ©es par le traitement Ă©puratoire rejoignent le milieu aquatique rĂ©cepteur. Les rejets de station d'Ă©puration reprĂ©sentent en effet une source de contamination pour les milieux aquatiques et l'impact de ces rejets est visible, notamment en termes d'augmentation des concentrations de micropolluants mesurĂ©es dans le milieu. NĂ©anmoins, les faibles concentrations mesurĂ©es ne semblent pas individuellement reprĂ©senter de risque environnemental majeur ; seul le propranolol a prĂ©sentĂ© sur 4 des 15 sites Ă©tudiĂ©s un quotient de risque supĂ©rieur Ă  1 ce qui indique un risque environnemental probable. Cependant, mĂȘme si le risque associĂ© Ă  une molĂ©cule est faible, chaque molĂ©cule prĂ©sente dans l'environnement contribue au potentiel toxique global des substances prĂ©sentes dans 'environnement

    Fate of estrogens and beta blockers in wastewater treatment plants and surface waters

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    Les estrogĂšnes et les bĂȘtabloquants transitent quotidiennement par les rĂ©seaux d’assainissement et les stations d’épuration des eaux rĂ©siduaires urbaines. Une premiĂšre partie de ce travail a consistĂ© Ă  dĂ©velopper des mĂ©thodes pour analyser ces micropolluants Ă©mergents dans les boues de station d’épuration et les matiĂšres en suspension. L’efficacitĂ© des traitements Ă©puratoires a ensuite Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e vis-Ă -vis de l’élimination de ces molĂ©cules. En rĂšgle gĂ©nĂ©rale, les 5 estrogĂšnes Ă©tudiĂ©s (estrone, 17α- et 17ÎČ-estradiol, estriol, 17α-Ă©thinylestradiol) sont plutĂŽt bien Ă©liminĂ©s par les stations d’épuration avec des efficacitĂ©s d’élimination gĂ©nĂ©ralement supĂ©rieures Ă  90%. Pour les 10bĂȘtabloquants analysĂ©s (acĂ©butolol, atĂ©nolol, bĂȘtaxolol, bisoprolol, mĂ©toprolol, nadolol, oxprĂ©nolol,propranolol, sotalol et timolol), des comportements diffĂ©rents ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s. Alors que l’acĂ©butololet le nadolol sont Ă©liminĂ©s (abattements moyens supĂ©rieurs Ă  80%), d’autres molĂ©cules comme lesotalol et le propranolol ne sont que peu impactĂ©es par les traitements Ă©puratoires (abattements moyens infĂ©rieurs Ă  20%). Pour les autres bĂȘtabloquants Ă©tudiĂ©s, des abattements intermĂ©diaires (entre 40 et 70%) sont observĂ©s. ExceptĂ© le propranolol, qui est le plus hydrophobe des bĂȘtabloquants Ă©tudiĂ©s, les molĂ©cules ciblĂ©es dans cette Ă©tude s’adsorbent peu sur les matiĂšres en suspension (en moyenne 90% des molĂ©cules se trouvent dans la phase dissoute) et ne sont pas concentrĂ©es dans les boues ; les abattements mesurĂ©s correspondent donc, sauf pour le propranolol,Ă  une biodĂ©gradation et pas Ă  un transfert des micropolluants vers les boues. Les molĂ©cules rĂ©siduelles non Ă©liminĂ©es par le traitement Ă©puratoire rejoignent le milieu aquatique rĂ©cepteur. Les rejets de station d’épuration reprĂ©sentent en effet une source de contamination pour les milieux aquatiques et l’impact de ces rejets est visible, notamment en termes d’augmentation des concentrations de micropolluants mesurĂ©es dans le milieu. NĂ©anmoins, les faibles concentrations mesurĂ©es ne semblent pas individuellement reprĂ©senter de risque environnemental majeur ; seul le propranolol a prĂ©sentĂ© sur 4 des 15 sites Ă©tudiĂ©s un quotient de risque supĂ©rieur Ă  1 ce qui indique un risque environnemental probable. Cependant, mĂȘme si le risque associĂ© Ă  une molĂ©cule est faible,chaque molĂ©cule prĂ©sente dans l’environnement contribue au potentiel toxique global des substances prĂ©sentes dans l’environnement.Estrogens and beta blockers are daily excreted by human beings and wastewater treatmentplants are recognised as the main pathway of these emerging micropollutants to the aquaticenvironment. This study aims at analyzing 5 estrogens (estrone, 17α- and 17ÎČ-estradiol, estriol, 17α-ethynylestradiol) and 10 beta blockers (acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, propranolol, sotalol et timolol) in urban wastewater treatment plants and surface waters.First of all, methods were developed for the analysis of target molecules in sewage sludge and suspended particulate matters. Then, estrogens and beta blockers were studied in urban wastewater treatment plants. Generally, wastewater treatments are efficients to remove estrogens fromwastewater with mean removal rates above 90%. For beta blockers, acebutolol and nadolol areefficiently removed (mean removal rates of about 80%), while sotalol and propranolol are hardlyimpacted by wastewater treatment (mean removal rates below 20%). Other studied beta blockerspresent intermediate removal rates (between 40 and 70%). Except propranolol which is the lesshydrophilic molecule among the different studied beta blockers, target molecules are not adsorbed onsuspended particulate matters (mean proportion of 90% of the target molecules are present in the dissolved phase) and are not concentrated into sludge. So, calculated removal rates correspond,except for propranolol, to biodegradation and not to transfer into sludge. Residual molecules which are not removed by wastewater treatment reach the aquatic environment. The impact of wastewater treatment plants on the receiving rivers was studied showing a clear increase of target molecules concentrations near the wastewater treatment plants outfall. However, only propranolol presented an environmental risk ratio in the range or above 1 showing a possible environmental risk in 4 studied receiving waters out of 15. Never the less, even if no specific toxic effects are pointed out, each molecule contributes to the overall toxic potential of the substances present in the aquatic environment
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