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Rf Voltage Modulation At Discrete Frequencies With applications To Crystal channeling Extraction
RF voltage modulation at a finite number of discrete frequencies is described in a Hamiltonian resonance framework. The theory is applied to the problem of parasitic extraction of a fixed target beam from a high energy proton collider, using a bent crystal as a thin ``septum`` within an effective width of about one micron. Three modes of employment of discrete resonances are proposed.First, a single relatively strong static ``drive`` resonance may be used to excite a test proton so that it will penetrate deeply into the channeling crystal. Second, a moderately strong ``feed`` resonance with a ramped modulation tune may be used to adiabatically trap protons near the edge of the beam core, and transport them to the drive resonance. Third, several weak resonances may be overlapped to create a chaotic amplitude band, either to transport protons to the drive resonance, or to provide a ``pulse stretching`` buffer between a feed resonance and the drive resonance. Extraction efficiency is semi- quantitatively described in terms of characteristic ``penetration,`` ``depletion,`` and ``repetition`` times. simulations are used to quantitatively confirm the fundamental results of the theory, and to show that a prototypical extraction scheme using all three modes promises good extraction performance
New Einstein-Sasaki and Einstein Spaces from Kerr-de Sitter
In this paper, which is an elaboration of our results in hep-th/0504225, we
construct new Einstein-Sasaki spaces L^{p,q,r_1,...,r_{n-1}} in all odd
dimensions D=2n+1\ge 5. They arise by taking certain BPS limits of the
Euclideanised Kerr-de Sitter metrics. This yields local Einstein-Sasaki metrics
of cohomogeneity n, with toric U(1)^{n+1} principal orbits, and n real
non-trivial parameters. By studying the structure of the degenerate orbits we
show that for appropriate choices of the parameters, characterised by the (n+1)
coprime integers (p,q,r_1,...,r_{n-1}), the local metrics extend smoothly onto
complete and non-singular compact Einstein-Sasaki manifolds
L^{p,q,r_1,...,r_{n-1}}. We also construct new complete and non-singular
compact Einstein spaces \Lambda^{p,q,r_1,...,r_n} in D=2n+1 that are not
Sasakian, by choosing parameters appropriately in the Euclideanised Kerr-de
Sitter metrics when no BPS limit is taken.Comment: latex, 26 page
Heterotic Models from Vector Bundles on Toric Calabi-Yau Manifolds
We systematically approach the construction of heterotic E_8 X E_8 Calabi-Yau
models, based on compact Calabi-Yau three-folds arising from toric geometry and
vector bundles on these manifolds. We focus on a simple class of 101 such
three-folds with smooth ambient spaces, on which we perform an exhaustive scan
and find all positive monad bundles with SU(N), N=3,4,5 structure groups,
subject to the heterotic anomaly cancellation constraint. We find that
anomaly-free positive monads exist on only 11 of these toric three-folds with a
total number of bundles of about 2000. Only 21 of these models, all of them on
three-folds realizable as hypersurfaces in products of projective spaces, allow
for three families of quarks and leptons. We also perform a preliminary scan
over the much larger class of semi-positive monads which leads to about 44000
bundles with 280 of them satisfying the three-family constraint. These 280
models provide a starting point for heterotic model building based on toric
three-folds.Comment: 41 pages, 5 figures. A table modified and a table adde
Low Energy Light Yield of Fast Plastic Scintillators
Compact neutron imagers using double-scatter kinematic reconstruction are
being designed for localization and characterization of special nuclear
material. These neutron imaging systems rely on scintillators with a rapid
prompt temporal response as the detection medium. As n-p elastic scattering is
the primary mechanism for light generation by fast neutron interactions in
organic scintillators, proton light yield data are needed for accurate
assessment of scintillator performance. The proton light yield of a series of
commercial fast plastic organic scintillators---EJ-200, EJ-204, and
EJ-208---was measured via a double time-of-flight technique at the 88-Inch
Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Using a tunable deuteron
breakup neutron source, target scintillators housed in a dual photomultiplier
tube configuration, and an array of pulse-shape-discriminating observation
scintillators, the fast plastic scintillator light yield was measured over a
broad and continuous energy range down to proton recoil energies of
approximately 50 keV. This work provides key input to event reconstruction
algorithms required for utilization of these materials in emerging neutron
imaging modalities.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure
Flavour in supersymmetry: horizontal symmetries or wave function renormalisation
We compare theoretical and experimental predictions of two main classes of
models addressing fermion mass hierarchies and flavour changing neutral
currents (FCNC) effects in supersymmetry: Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) U(1) gauged
flavour models and Nelson-Strassler/extra dimensional models with hierarchical
wave functions for the families. We show that whereas the two lead to identical
predictions in the fermion mass matrices, the second class generates a stronger
suppression of FCNC effects. We prove that, whereas at first sight the FN setup
is more constrained due to anomaly cancelation conditions, imposing unification
of gauge couplings in the second setup generates conditions which precisely
match the mixed anomaly constraints in the FN setup. Finally, we provide an
economical extra dimensional realisation of the hierarchical wave functions
scenario in which the leptonic FCNC can be efficiently suppressed due to the
strong coupling (CFT) origin of the electron mass.Comment: 23 page
A Stealth Supersymmetry Sampler
The LHC has strongly constrained models of supersymmetry with traditional
missing energy signatures. We present a variety of models that realize the
concept of Stealth Supersymmetry, i.e. models with R-parity in which one or
more nearly-supersymmetric particles (a "stealth sector") lead to collider
signatures with only a small amount of missing energy. The simplest realization
involves low-scale supersymmetry breaking, with an R-odd particle decaying to
its superpartner and a soft gravitino. We clarify the stealth mechanism and its
differences from compressed supersymmetry and explain the requirements for
stealth models with high-scale supersymmetry breaking, in which the soft
invisible particle is not a gravitino. We also discuss new and distinctive
classes of stealth models that couple through a baryon portal or Z' gauge
interactions. Finally, we present updated limits on stealth supersymmetry in
light of current LHC searches.Comment: 45 pages, 16 figure
Soft branes in supersymmetry-breaking backgrounds
We revisit the analysis of effective field theories resulting from
non-supersymmetric perturbations to supersymmetric flux compactifications of
the type-IIB superstring with an eye towards those resulting from the
backreaction of a small number of anti-D3-branes. Independently of the
background, we show that the low-energy Lagrangian describing the fluctuations
of a stack of probe D3-branes exhibits soft supersymmetry breaking, despite
perturbations to marginal operators that were not fully considered in some
previous treatments. We take this as an indication that the breaking of
supersymmetry by anti-D3-branes or other sources may be spontaneous rather than
explicit. In support of this, we consider the action of an anti-D3-brane
probing an otherwise supersymmetric configuration and identify a candidate for
the corresponding goldstino.Comment: 36+5 pages. References added, minor typos correcte
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