N,N-Diethyl-4-[9-meth­oxy-6-(4-methoxy­phen­yl)-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-yl]aniline

In the title compound, C38H37NO3, the pyran ring has an envelope conformation with the quaternary Cq atom as the flap atom. The dihedral angle formed between the meth­oxy­phenyl group and the naphthalene ring system is 67.32 (6)°. The ethyl­amino groups lie to the same side of the plane through the phenyl ring and form dihedral angles of 84.6 (3) and 75.8 (2)° with it

Methyl 9-diethyl­amino-2,2-bis­(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C31H29NO5, the methyl carboxyl­ate and dimethyl­amino groups on the naphtho­pyran group are almost coplanar with the naphtho­pyran ring system [r.m.s. deviations = 0.08 (2) and 0.161 (2) Å, respectively]. The dihedral angle between the methyl carboxyl­ate and dimethyl­amino groups is 4.9 (1)°. The pyran ring has an envelope conformation with the quaternary C atom out of plane by 0.4739 (13) Å. The meth­oxy­phenyl substituent forms a dihedral angle of 16.6 (1)° with the plane of the benzene ring, while the other meth­oxy­phenyl group is almost coplanar, making a dihedral angle of 1.4 (1)°

(7-Dimethylamino-1-hydroxy-3-naphthyl)(morpholino)methanone

In the title compound, C17H20N2O3, the morpholine ring is in a slightly distorted chair form. The crystal structure is stabilized by an inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond between the H atom of the hydroxyl group and the O atom of a neighbouring carbonyl group. A weak inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­action is also present

Electrochromic single and two-core viologen derivatives and optical articles containing them

The present invention relates to a group of novel electrochromic materials. More specifically, it relates to electrochromic materials based on either single or two-core viologen systems and the use of these viologen systems as a variable transmittance medium for the manufacture of an optical article, such as an ophthalmic lens

Extending Human Perception of Electromagnetic Radiation to the UV Region through Biologically Inspired Photochromic Fuzzy Logic (BIPFUL) Systems.

Photochromic Fuzzy Logic Systems have been designed that extend human visual perception into the UV region. The systems are founded on a detailed knowledge of the activation wavelengths and quantum yields of a series of thermally reversible photochromic compounds. By appropriate matching of the photochromic behaviour unique colour signatures are generated in response differing UV activation frequencies

Electrochromic two-core viologen derivatives and optical articles containing them

The present invention relates to a group of novel electrochromic materials. More specifically, it relates to electrochromic materials having two-core viologens and the use of these two-core viologens as a variable transmittance medium for the manufacture of an optical article, such as an ophthalmic lens

Crypt fusion as a homeostatic mechanism in the human colon.

OBJECTIVE: The crypt population in the human intestine is dynamic: crypts can divide to produce two new daughter crypts through a process termed crypt fission, but whether this is balanced by a second process to remove crypts, as recently shown in mouse models, is uncertain. We examined whether crypt fusion (the process of two neighbouring crypts fusing into a single daughter crypt) occurs in the human colon. DESIGN: We used somatic alterations in the gene cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) as lineage tracing markers to assess the clonality of bifurcating colon crypts (n=309 bifurcating crypts from 13 patients). Mathematical modelling was used to determine whether the existence of crypt fusion can explain the experimental data, and how the process of fusion influences the rate of crypt fission. RESULTS: In 55% (21/38) of bifurcating crypts in which clonality could be assessed, we observed perfect segregation of clonal lineages to the respective crypt arms. Mathematical modelling showed that this frequency of perfect segregation could not be explained by fission alone (p<10-20). With the rates of fission and fusion taken to be approximately equal, we then used the distribution of CCO-deficient patch size to estimate the rate of crypt fission, finding a value of around 0.011 divisions/crypt/year. CONCLUSIONS: We have provided the evidence that human colonic crypts undergo fusion, a potential homeostatic process to regulate total crypt number. The existence of crypt fusion in the human colon adds a new facet to our understanding of the highly dynamic and plastic phenotype of the colonic epithelium.wellcome trust royal societ

Inhibition of the photochromic behaviour of a 3,3-diphenyl-3H-pyrano[3,2-f]quinoline ligand by coordination to Ag(I) ions

The synthesis and characterisation of a photoresponsive 3,3-diphenyl-3H-pyrano[3,2-f]quinoline ligand which contains both quinoline and thiazole N-donor moieties is described. This ligand acts as a bidentate N-donor ligand and the solid-state structure of a Ag(I) complex is reported. Whereas the free ligand exhibits typical photochromic behaviour, coordination with Ag(I) results in complete inhibition of the photochromic response. However, excitation wavelength dependent emission spectra demonstrated an increase in fluorescence response of the new Ag(I) complex

Crypt fusion as a homeostatic mechanism in the human colon.

OBJECTIVE: The crypt population in the human intestine is dynamic: crypts can divide to produce two new daughter crypts through a process termed crypt fission, but whether this is balanced by a second process to remove crypts, as recently shown in mouse models, is uncertain. We examined whether crypt fusion (the process of two neighbouring crypts fusing into a single daughter crypt) occurs in the human colon. DESIGN: We used somatic alterations in the gene cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) as lineage tracing markers to assess the clonality of bifurcating colon crypts (n=309 bifurcating crypts from 13 patients). Mathematical modelling was used to determine whether the existence of crypt fusion can explain the experimental data, and how the process of fusion influences the rate of crypt fission. RESULTS: In 55% (21/38) of bifurcating crypts in which clonality could be assessed, we observed perfect segregation of clonal lineages to the respective crypt arms. Mathematical modelling showed that this frequency of perfect segregation could not be explained by fission alone (p<10-20). With the rates of fission and fusion taken to be approximately equal, we then used the distribution of CCO-deficient patch size to estimate the rate of crypt fission, finding a value of around 0.011 divisions/crypt/year. CONCLUSIONS: We have provided the evidence that human colonic crypts undergo fusion, a potential homeostatic process to regulate total crypt number. The existence of crypt fusion in the human colon adds a new facet to our understanding of the highly dynamic and plastic phenotype of the colonic epithelium.Cancer Research UK (A14895, A-MB and NAW; A19771, TAG)Wellcome Trust (098357, BDS; 209409/Z/17/Z, CB)Medical Research Council (G0901178, BC, NJ and SACM