The productivity of performing art organisations versus labor costs

Motivation: The study of the problem of “cost disease” contributes to the possibility of creating a model for effective subsidy to cultural institutions operating in the field of performing arts from public funds. The study also forms a part of a broader reflection on the values of culture, the humanism of culture and the economy in general. Aim: This article is to examine the connection between productivity and labor costs in public theatres in Poland. We investigate what the level of productivity depends on. We check whether it is based on costs or the so-called income gap or another factor. We verify whether costs in PAOs in Poland increase according to the theory of Baumol’s cost disease and whether labor costs are particularly significant in total costs. Results: Labor costs should be taken into account when subsidizing performing art organizations, as productivity growth depends on having funds to cover labor costs and increasing employment

Cultural institutions in Poland: the nature of their organisation and financing

Motivation: Previous research regarding the external conditions of public cultural institutions inspired us to analyse the internal conditions of individual institutions.Aim: The purpose of the current study is to answer the question of whether and how the internal regulations pertaining to theatres based on financial, organisational, and creative autonomy affect the financial and substantive performance of public cultural institutions. In order to achieve the aim of the study and answer the research question, we analysed cultural institutions in terms of their system. Additionally, the financial and substantive situation of the studied theatres was analysed.Results: The lack of clear process and entity requirements affects the dependence of the performance of public cultural institutions on individual, internal organisational arrangements, suggesting the need to unify these processes through a reform of these institutions. Attention should be paid to the transparency of public spending, organizational culture and effectiveness of public cultural institutions. In the current legal status, the conducted showed a large discrepancy in the results of the theatres studied

Financing rules of the activity of cultural institutions in the context of economic efficiency

Motivation: The authors are interested in the problem of financing of theatres as cultural institutions also because of the arising conflict between the objectives set by the organizers of the institutions, and those managers and artists consider the most important in the public cultural institutions.Aim: The aim of this article is the efficiency evaluation of statutory subsidies granted to cultural institutions in the context of subsidizing rules of these institutions.Results: The system of financing municipal cultural institutions is predominantly based on statutory subsidies from the organizer’s budget. Therefore, statutory grants play an important role of creating income and of stabilizing finances of cultural institutions. Their share in the total amount of revenue of the examined cultural institutions persisted at a high level throughout subsequent years of the study period. Although statutory subsidies significantly improve the financial situation of cultural institutions. Those which are using subsidies to a lesser degree, and those whose important source of financing their activities were their own revenues, are characterized by higher efficiency. Unfortunately, the analysis of the data indicates that there is a very small group of institutions characterized by a high indicator of financing

Zlecenie nabycia nieruchomości-cywilnoprawne zagadnienia konstrukcyjne

Ze wstępu: "Wybór tematu pracy jest uzasadniony kilkoma względami. Po pierwsze, ogólne uregulowanie dotyczące umowy zlecenia jest szeroko opisywane w literaturze, jednak kwestia umowy zlecenia nabycia nieruchomości wymaga usystematyzowania. Zebranie w jednym miejscu poglądów doktryny i judykatury pozwoli na całościowe spojrzenie na tę problematykę. Po drugie, umowa zlecenia odgrywa istotną rolę w obrocie nieruchomościami. Jest środkiem do osiągnięcia celu jakiego nie gwarantują inne instytucje, w szczególności ukrycia podmiotu, który docelowo nabywa nieruchomość, kiedy przyjmujący zlecenia działa jako zastępca pośredni dającego zlecenie. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie oraz wykładnia regulacji zawartej w prawie polskim odnoszącej się do umowy zlecenia nabycia nieruchomości, a także ocena opisanych uregulowań zarówno pod względem merytorycznym, jak i sposobu ich wyrażenia w ustawie. Przedmiotem pracy jest analiza kwestii konstrukcyjnych związanych z umową zlecenia nabycia nieruchomości."(...

Zlecenie nabycia nieruchomości - cywilnoprawne zagadnienia konstrukcyjne

Ze wstępu: "Wybór tematu pracy jest uzasadniony kilkoma względami. Po pierwsze, ogólne uregulowanie dotyczące umowy zlecenia jest szeroko opisywane w literaturze, jednak kwestia umowy zlecenia nabycia nieruchomości wymaga usystematyzowania. Zebranie w jednym miejscu poglądów doktryny i judykatury pozwoli na całościowe spojrzenie na tę problematykę. Po drugie, umowa zlecenia odgrywa istotną rolę w obrocie nieruchomościami. Jest środkiem do osiągnięcia celu jakiego nie gwarantują inne instytucje, w szczególności ukrycia podmiotu, który docelowo nabywa nieruchomość, kiedy przyjmujący zlecenia działa jako zastępca pośredni dającego zlecenie. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie oraz wykładnia regulacji zawartej w prawie polskim odnoszącej się do umowy zlecenia nabycia nieruchomości, a także ocena opisanych uregulowań zarówno pod względem merytorycznym, jak i sposobu ich wyrażenia w ustawie. Przedmiotem pracy jest analiza kwestii konstrukcyjnych związanych z umową zlecenia nabycia nieruchomości."(...

Aortic and pulmonary trunk involvement in giant-cell arteritis

Giant cell arteritis is systemic vasculitis of large arteries. The most common manifestations are headache and visual symptoms due to involvement of main artery branches: carotid, vertebral or temporal artery. Approximately 40% of all patients present atypical symptoms due to involvement of aorta itself. We report the case of woman with aorta and pulmonary trunk involvement. 67 years old woman was hospitalized due to dyspnoea and chest pain. Pulmonary artery embolisation was excluded. Computed tomography confirmed pulmonary trunk wall thickening (10 mm) and thoracic aorta wall thickening (12mm). This is the report of computed tomography documented reduction in the thickness of the walls of both aorta and pulmonary trunk following steroid therapy

Evaluation of theater activity using Hellwig’s method

The aim of the presented study is a comparison of the effects of the operational activity of city and regional cultural organizations in the context of accessibility. The studies are also an attempt to find indicators (variables) determining the most effective financing methods for operational activity of cultural organizations. For this purpose, determining indicators were identified, which drive the efficient activity of theaters. The authors share the view that accessibility is the main factor determining the effectiveness of public cultural services. Hellwig’s method of the capacity of indicators’ information and development was used to identify efficiency drivers for cultural institutions. Classification based on financial and operational metrics led to the best organizations that can play a model role.Małgorzata Gałecka: [email protected] Smolny: [email protected]łgorzata Gałecka - Faculty of Economic Sciences, Wrocław University of EconomicsKatarzyna Smolny - Faculty of Economic Sciences, Wrocław University of EconomicsBalcerzak A., 2008, Efektywność sytemu instytucjonalnego a potencjał gospodarki opartej na wiedzy, „Ekonomista”, No. 6.Bruton G., Ahlstrom D., Han-Lin Li, 2010, Institutional Theory and Entrepreneurship: Where Are We Now and Where Do We Need to Move in the Future? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Baylor University 3, DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00390.x.Coase R., 1960, The problem of social cost, “Journal of Low and Economics”, Vol. 3.Constitutions of Republic of Poland of April 2, 1997 (Dz.U. nr 78, poz. 483).DiMaggio P., PowellW., 1983, The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review, Vol. 48, No. 2, 1983, DOI: 10.2307/2095101.DiMaggio P., Powell W., 1991, The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Dziechciarz J. (red.), 2003, Ekonometria. Metody, przykłady, zadania, University of Economics in Wroclaw, Wroclaw.Fiazoli R., Filippini M., 1997, Cost structure and product Mix of Local Public Theaters, Journal of Cultural Economics, Vol. 21.Gałecka M., Smolny K., 2017, Economic Efficiency of Cultural Institutions, Hradec Economic Days, Vol. 7(1).Gałecka M., Smolny K., 2017, Financing rules of the activity of cultural institutions in the context of economic efficiency, „Ekonomia i Prawo”, Vol. 16, Issue 4, DOI: 10.12775/EiP.2017.027.Guzik R., 2003, Przestrzenna dostępność szkolnictwa ponadpodstawowego, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków.Heilbrun J., 2003, A Handbook of Cultural Economics, Edward Elgar, Northampton.Hellwig Z., 1968, Zastosowanie metody taksonomicznej do typologicznego podziału krajów ze względu na poziom ich rozwoju oraz zasoby i strukturę kwalifikowanych kadr, „Przegląd Statystyczny”, nr 4.Herrmann-Pillath C., 2006, Cultural Species and Institutional Change in China, “Journal of Economics Issues”, No. 40(3), DOI: 10.1080/00213624.2006.11506935.Ilczuk D., 2002, Polityka kulturalna w społeczeństwie obywatelskim, Narodowe Centrum Kultury, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków.Kachniarz M., 2012, Efektywność usług publicznych – teoria i praktyka, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, Wrocław.Kosiński D., Teatr publiczny – azyl pod napięciem, electronic document, access mode: [http://250teatr.pl/idea,teatr publiczny azyl pod napieciem.html, date of entry: 02.03.2017].Kożuch A., Kożuch B. (red.), 2011, Usługi publiczne. Organizacja i zarządzanie, Kraków.Łukaszewicz O., Teatr publiczny, electronic document, access mode: [http://250teatr.pl/teksty,114,teatr publiczny.html, date of entry: 10.03.2017].Moritz H., 1974, Das Theater als Wirtschaftsfaktor, “Maske und Kothurn”, Vol. 20/1.O’Hagan J., Neligan A., 2005, State Subsidies and Repertoire Conventionality in the Non-profit English Theatre Sector: An Econometric Analysis, “Journal of Cultural Economics”, Vol. 29.Thorsby D., Withers G. A., 1979, The Economics of the Performing Arts, St. Martins Press, New York.Thorsby D., 1994, The Production and Consumption of the Arts: A View of Cultural Economics The production, “Journal of Economic Literature”, Vol. 32, No. 1.Thurik R., Dejardin M., 2012, Entrepreneurship and Culture, [in:] Entrepreneurship in Context, Gelderen M., Masurel E. (ed.), Routledge Studies in Entrepreneurship, Routledge, electronic document, access mode: [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00943684/document, date of entry: 10.03.2017].Wojtyna A., 2008, Współczesna ekonomia – kontynuacja czy poszukiwanie nowego paradygmatu?, „Ekonomista”, nr 1.Zeliaś A., 2000, Taksonomiczna analiza przestrzennego zróżnicowania poziomu życia w Polsce w ujęciu dynamicznym, Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej w Katowicach, Katowice.2(92)385

Productivity of public theatres in the times of COVID-19 : the example of Polish theatres

PURPOSE: Our article aims to analyze the changes in the productivity of cultural institutions during the Covid -2019 pandemic. We studied how much productivity has changed and saw which indicator was targeting the influx. The number of visitors in the theatre in a given year is taken as productivity. The research period is the years 2016-2020. We hypothesize that the productivity index in 2020 depended on most on the technology change.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The proper study was focused on Polish Public Theatres. The verification of the assumptions was conducted through the Malmquist index -Total Factor Productivity.FINDINGS: As a result of the research, it was found that the hypothesis was positively verified. The value of the Malmiqusita index shows significant changes in productivity between 2020- 2019 and 2019-2016. In particular, the considerable increase of the technological progress index is worth noting. In 2020-2019, the annual change regarding this index was as high as 1208.8%, while the technical efficiency decreased to 13.9% and TFP was 168.2% - the highest level over the whole period considered.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: We noticed that for individual theaters, the productivity results were different. It means that not all of the theatres studied coped with the new conditions. Depending on the organization, the effects of using digital technologies may be different. This proves that each unit should be analyzed individually.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: These results seem to fully reflect the pandemic reality in which the technological factor was of crucial importance, an innovative research to describe the pandemic in the theatre sector.The project is financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland under the programme “Regional Initiative of Excellence” 2019–2022 project number 015/RID/2018/19 total funding amount 10 721 040,00 PLN.peer-reviewe

Financing rules of the activity of cultural institutions in the context of economic efficiency

Motivation: The authors are interested in the problem of financing of theatres as cultural institutions also because of the arising conflict between the objectives set by the organizers of the institutions, and those managers and artists consider the most important in the public cultural institutions.Aim: The aim of this article is the efficiency evaluation of statutory subsidies granted to cultural institutions in the context of subsidizing rules of these institutions.Results: The system of financing municipal cultural institutions is predominantly based on statutory subsidies from the organizer’s budget. Therefore, statutory grants play an important role of creating income and of stabilizing finances of cultural institutions. Their share in the total amount of revenue of the examined cultural institutions persisted at a high level throughout subsequent years of the study period. Although statutory subsidies significantly improve the financial situation of cultural institutions. Those which are using subsidies to a lesser degree, and those whose important source of financing their activities were their own revenues, are characterized by higher efficiency. Unfortunately, the analysis of the data indicates that there is a very small group of institutions characterized by a high indicator of financing.</p

Biblioteka w czasie pandemii – doświadczenia Repozytorium Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku

Artykuł przedstawia doświadczenia zdobyte przez zespół Repozytorium Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku podczas pracy zdalnej trwającej od 16 marca do końca czerwca2020 r. Czas ten, wymuszony przez zamknięcie uczelni z powodu pandemii koronawirusa, był okresem pełnym wyzwań i szybkiego dostosowania się do nowych warunków. Autorki opisują, jak odnalazły się w tej nietypowej dla nich sytuacji zawodowej. Omawiają zarówno nowe obowiązki, jak i problemy, z którymi przyszło się im zmierzyć podczas pracy w systemie home office.Agnieszka Gałecka-Golec: [email protected] Puksza: [email protected] Witkowska: [email protected] Uniwersytecka im. Jerzego Giedroycia w BiałymstokuWILKOWSKI, M. Nowoczesna instytucja kultury w Internecie[online]. 2016. [Dostęp 29.07.2020]. Dostępny w: https://instytucje.wilkowski.org/dane/Nowoczesna_instytucja_kultury_w_Internecie.pdf.PrzystańzBiblioteką. W: Facebook [online]. [Dostęp 29.07.2020]. Dostępny w: https://www.facebook.com/events/243041336837400/.4 (193