Fortran coarray implementation of semi-lagrangian convected air particles within an atmospheric model

This work added semi-Lagrangian convected air particles to the Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research (ICAR) model. The ICAR model is a simplified atmospheric model using quasi-dynamical downscaling to gain performance over more traditional atmospheric models. The ICAR model uses Fortran coarrays to split the domain amongst images and handle the halo region communication of the image’s boundary regions. The newly implemented convected air particles use trilinear interpolation to compute initial properties from the Eulerian domain and calculate humidity and buoyancy forces as the model runs. This paper investigated the performance cost and scaling attributes of executing unsaturated and saturated air particles versus the original particle-less model. An in-depth analysis was done on the communication patterns and performance of the semi-Lagrangian air particles, as well as the performance cost of a variety of initial conditions such as wind speed and saturation mixing ratios. This study found that given a linear increase in the number of particles communicated, there is an initial decrease in performance, but that it then levels out, indicating that over the runtime of the model, there is an initial cost of particle communication, but that the computational benefits quickly offset it. The study provided insight into the number of processors required to amortize the additional computational cost of the air particles

Cooling atoms into entangled states

We discuss the possibility of preparing highly entangled states by simply cooling atoms into the ground state of an applied interaction Hamiltonian. As in laser sideband cooling, we take advantage of a relatively large detuning of the desired state, while all other qubit states experience resonant laser driving. Once spontaneous emission from excited atomic states prepares the system in its ground state, it remains there with a very high fidelity for a wide range of experimental parameters and all possible initial states. After presenting the general theory, we discuss concrete applications with one and two qubits.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, typos correcte

Approximating Fractional Time Quantum Evolution

An algorithm is presented for approximating arbitrary powers of a black box unitary operation, $\mathcal{U}^t$, where $t$ is a real number, and $\mathcal{U}$ is a black box implementing an unknown unitary. The complexity of this algorithm is calculated in terms of the number of calls to the black box, the errors in the approximation, and a certain `gap' parameter. For general $\mathcal{U}$ and large $t$, one should apply $\mathcal{U}$ a total of $\lfloor t \rfloor$ times followed by our procedure for approximating the fractional power $\mathcal{U}^{t-\lfloor t \rfloor}$. An example is also given where for large integers $t$ this method is more efficient than direct application of $t$ copies of $\mathcal{U}$. Further applications and related algorithms are also discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure

Characteristics of Indium Oxide Plasma Filters Deposited by Atmospheric Pressure CVD

Thin films of undoped and tin-doped In{sub 2}O{sub 3} are being investigated for use as plasma filters in spectral control applications for thermal photovoltaic cells. These films are required to exhibit high reflectance at wavelengths longer than the plasma wavelength {lambda}{sub p}, high transmittance at wavelengths shorter than {lambda}{sub p} and low absorption throughout the spectrum. Both types of films were grown via atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) on Si (100) and fused silica substrates using trimethylindium (TMI), tetraethyltin (TET), and oxygen as the precursors. Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to measure the filter transmittance and reflectance between 1.8--20 {micro}m. Nominal conditions used during the growth of undoped In{sub 2}O{sub 3} were a substrate temperature of 450 C and partial pressures of 1.4 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} atm. and 1 {times} 10{sup {minus}3} atm. for TMI and O{sub 2} respectively. The O{sub 2}/TMI partial pressure ratio and substrate temperature were systematically varied to control the filter characteristics. The plasma wavelength {lambda}{sub p} was found to be a sensitive function of these parameters. Post-growth annealing of the films was done in inert as well as air ambient at elevated temperatures, but was found to have no beneficial effect. Tin-doped In{sub 2}O{sub 3} was grown under similar conditions as above, with a typical TET partial pressure of 4 {times} 10{sup {minus}6} atm. Here also, the material properties and consequently the optical response were found to be strongly dependent on growth conditions such as O{sub 2} and TET partial pressures. Both undoped and tin-doped In{sub 2}O{sub 3} grown on fused silica exhibited enhanced transmittance due to the close matching of refractive indices of In{sub 2}O{sub 3} and silica. X-ray diffractometer measurements indicated that all these films were polycrystalline and highly textured towards the (111) direction. The best undoped and tin-doped In{sub 2}O{sub 3} films had a {lambda}{sub p} around 2.7 {micro}m, peak reflectance greater than 75% and residual absorption below 20%. These results indicate the promise of undoped and tin-doped In{sub 2}O{sub 3} as a material for plasma filters

IoT Expunge: Implementing Verifiable Retention of IoT Data

The growing deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) systems aims to ease the daily life of end-users by providing several value-added services. However, IoT systems may capture and store sensitive, personal data about individuals in the cloud, thereby jeopardizing user-privacy. Emerging legislation, such as California's CalOPPA and GDPR in Europe, support strong privacy laws to protect an individual's data in the cloud. One such law relates to strict enforcement of data retention policies. This paper proposes a framework, entitled IoT Expunge that allows sensor data providers to store the data in cloud platforms that will ensure enforcement of retention policies. Additionally, the cloud provider produces verifiable proofs of its adherence to the retention policies. Experimental results on a real-world smart building testbed show that IoT Expunge imposes minimal overheads to the user to verify the data against data retention policies.Comment: This paper has been accepted in 10th ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy (CODASPY), 202

Characteristics of Degenerately Doped Silicon for Spectral Control in Thermophotovoltaic Systems

Heavily doped Si was investigated for use as spectral control filter in thermal photovoltaic (TPV) system. These filters should reflect radiation at 4 {micro}m and above and transmit radiation at 2 {micro}m and below. Two approaches have been used for introducing impurities into Si to achieve high doping concentration. One was the diffusion technique, using spin-on dopants. The plasma wavelength ({lambda}{sub p}) of these filters could be adjusted by controlling the diffusion conditions. The minimum plasma wavelength achieved was 4.8 {micro}m. In addition, a significant amount of absorption was observed for the wavelength 2 {micro}m and below. The second approach was doping by ion implantation followed by thermal annealing with a capped layer of doped glass. Implantation with high dosage of B and As followed by high temperature annealing (> 1,000 C) resulted in a plasma wavelength that could be controlled between 3.5 and 6 {micro}m. The high temperature annealing (> 1,000 C) that was necessary to activate the dopant atoms and to heal the implantation damage, also caused significant absorption at 2 {micro}m. For phosphorus implanted Si, a moderate temperature (800--900 C) was sufficient to activate most of the phosphorus and to heal the implantation damage. The position of the plasma turn-on wavelength for an implantation dose of 2 {times} 10{sup 16} cm{sup {minus}2} of P was at 2.9 {micro}m. The absorption at 2 {micro}m was less than 20% and the reflection at 5 {micro}m was about 70%

Quantum hypercomputation based on the dynamical algebra su(1,1)

An adaptation of Kieu's hypercomputational quantum algorithm (KHQA) is presented. The method that was used was to replace the Weyl-Heisenberg algebra by other dynamical algebra of low dimension that admits infinite-dimensional irreducible representations with naturally defined generalized coherent states. We have selected the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{su}(1,1)$, due to that this algebra posses the necessary characteristics for to realize the hypercomputation and also due to that such algebra has been identified as the dynamical algebra associated to many relatively simple quantum systems. In addition to an algebraic adaptation of KHQA over the algebra $\mathfrak{su}(1,1)$, we presented an adaptations of KHQA over some concrete physical referents: the infinite square well, the infinite cylindrical well, the perturbed infinite cylindrical well, the P{\"o}sch-Teller potentials, the Holstein-Primakoff system, and the Laguerre oscillator. We conclude that it is possible to have many physical systems within condensed matter and quantum optics on which it is possible to consider an implementation of KHQA.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figure, conclusions rewritten, typing and language errors corrected and latex format changed minor changes elsewhere and

Quantifying the habitat and zoogeomorphic capabilities of spawning European barbel Barbus barbus, a lithophilous cyprinid

Suitable gravel availability is critical for the spawning success of lithophilous fishes, including redd builders. Redd construction during spawning can alter substrate characteristics, thereby influencing hydraulic conditions and sediment transport, highlighting the importance of spawning as a zoogeomorphic activity. Here, interactions between redd‐building fish and their spawning environment were investigated for European barbel Barbus barbus with a comparative approach across three English rivers: Teme (western), Great Ouse (eastern) and Idle (central). Sediment characteristics of spawning habitats were similar across the rivers, including subsurface fine sediment (<2 mm) content (≈20% dry weight), but elevated subsurface silt content and coarser surface sediments were found in the river Teme. Water velocities were similar at spawning sites despite differences in channel width and depth. Redds were characterized by a pit and tailspill, with no differences in surface grain‐size characteristics between these and the surrounding riverbed, but with topographic alteration (dimensions and tailspill amplitude) in line with those of salmonids. Estimates of the fraction of the bed that spawning barbel were capable of moving exceeded 97% in all rivers. Estimated reproductive potential varied significantly between the rivers Idle and Teme (3,098 to 9,715 eggs/m2), which was largely due to differences in barbel lengths affecting fecundity. Larger barbel, capable of producing and depositing more eggs, but in more spatially extensive redds, meaning fewer redds per given surface area of riverbed. Predictions of barbel egg mortality based on sand content were low across both rivers. The effects of silt on barbel egg and larvae development are unknown, but the levels detected here would significantly impact salmon egg mortality. Similarities in fish length to redd area and the size of moveable grains by spawning barbel and salmon suggest they have similar geomorphic effects on sediments, although fine sediment tolerance is highly divergent

Privacy, Ethics, and Institutional Research

Despite widespread agreement that privacy in the context of education is important, it can be difficult to pin down precisely why and to what extent it is important, and it is challenging to determine how privacy is related to other important values. But that task is crucial. Absent a clear sense of what privacy is, it will be difficult to understand the scope of privacy protections in codes of ethics. Moreover, privacy will inevitably conflict with other values, and understanding the values that underwrite privacy protections is crucial for addressing conflicts between privacy and institutional efficiency, advising efficacy, vendor benefits, and student autonomy. My task in this paper is to seek a better understanding of the concept of privacy in institutional research, canvas a number of important moral values underlying privacy generally (including several that are explicit in the AIR Statement), and examine how those moral values should bear upon institutional research by considering several recent cases

A multi-purpose, multi-rotor drone system for long-range and high-altitude volcanic gas plume measurements

A multi-rotor drone has been adapted for studies of volcanic gas plumes. This adaptation includes improved capacity for high-altitude and long-range, real-time SO2 concentration monitoring, long-range manual control, remotely activated bag sampling and plume speed measurement capability. The drone is capable of acting as a stable platform for various instrument configurations, including multi-component gas analysis system (MultiGAS) instruments for in situ measurements of SO2, H2S, and CO2 concentrations in the gas plume and portable differential optical absorption spectrometer (MobileDOAS) instruments for spectroscopic measurement of total SO2 emission rate, remotely controlled gas sampling in bags and sampling with gas denuders for posterior analysis on the ground of isotopic composition and halogens. The platform we present was field-tested during three campaigns in Papua New Guinea: in 2016 at Tavurvur, Bagana and Ulawun volcanoes, in 2018 at Tavurvur and Langila volcanoes and in 2019 at Tavurvur and Manam volcanoes, as well as in Mt. Etna in Italy in 2017. This paper describes the drone platform and the multiple payloads, the various measurement strategies and an algorithm to correct for different response times of MultiGAS sensors. Specifically, we emphasize the need for an adaptive flight path, together with live data transmission of a plume tracer (such as SO2 concentration) to the ground station, to ensure optimal plume interception when operating beyond the visual line of sight. We present results from a comprehensive plume characterization obtained during a field deployment at Manam volcano in May 2019. The Papua New Guinea region, and particularly Manam volcano, has not been extensively studied for volcanic gases due to its remote location, inaccessible summit region and high level of volcanic activity. We demonstrate that the combination of a multi-rotor drone with modular payloads is a versatile solution to obtain the flux and composition of volcanic plumes, even for the case of a highly active volcano with a high-altitude plume such as Manam. Drone-based measurements offer a valuable solution to volcano research and monitoring applications and provide an alternativespan idCombining double low line"page4256"/&gt; and complementary method to ground-based and direct sampling of volcanic gases