EFEITO DO PROGRAMA DE JOGGING SOBRE A GORDURA VISCERAL DO ALMAJIRAI EM TSANGAYA NA METRÓPOLE DE GUSAU, NIGÉRIA

This study therefore assessed the effect of jogging programme on visceral fat of Almajirai in Tsangaya in Gusau Metropolis, Nigeria. For the purpose of this study, a 1x2 x3 factorial research design was used. The population are Almajirai who are gardi in Gusau Metropolis within the ages of 13-15 years, stratified sampling and simple random sampling technique were used to select 48 Gardi Almajirai in Gusau metropolis who volunteered to participate in the study. Hand-held Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis device was used to assess visceral fat. All of these Girdi Almajirai were found to have met the inclusion criteria and were all assigned to the jogging programme and the baseline values were used as the control. All exercise sessions were preceded by 10 minutes warm-up; the programme lasted between 30 and 45 minutes, which ended with a cool down session. All exercise sessions were conducted between 5.30p.m - 6.00p.m on alternate days every Monday, Wednesday and Friday of the consecutive weeks. Training intensity was maintained between 50-65% of estimated HR max  for 4 weeks and which was increased progressively from 60-70% from the 5 to 8 weeks of training. The data collected were statistically analyzed using repeated measured ANOVA and scheffe post hoc test was used to locate where significant effect lies at level of 0.05. The result of the study revealed that jogging had significant effect on visceral fat p=0.001. It was recommended that Adolescent almajirai should participate every day in 45 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity that is enjoyable and developmentally appropriate.Este estudo avaliou, portanto, o efeito do programa de jogging na gordura visceral de Almajirai em Tsangaya, na Metrópole de Gusau, Nigéria. Para o propósito deste estudo, foi utilizado um projeto de pesquisa fatorial de 1x2 x3. A população é de Almajirai que é gardi na metrópole de Gusau dentro dos 13-15 anos de idade, amostragem estratificada e técnica simples de amostragem aleatória foram usadas para selecionar 48 Gardi Almajirai na metrópole de Gusau que se voluntariaram para participar do estudo. O dispositivo de Análise de Impedância Bioelétrica manual foi usado para avaliar a gordura visceral. Verificou-se que todas estas Girdi Almajirai cumpriram os critérios de inclusão e foram todas designadas para o programa de jogging e os valores de base foram usados como controle. Todas as sessões de exercício foram precedidas de 10 minutos de aquecimento; o programa durou entre 30 e 45 minutos, o que terminou com uma sessão de resfriamento. Todas as sessões de exercícios foram realizadas entre 17h30min e 18h00min em dias alternados, todas as segundas, quartas e sextas-feiras das semanas consecutivas. A intensidade de treinamento foi mantida entre 50-65% do RH máximo estimado por 4 semanas e que foi aumentado progressivamente de 60-70% das 5 a 8 semanas de treinamento. Os dados coletados foram analisados estatisticamente usando ANOVA medida repetidamente e o teste post-hoc de esquema foi usado para localizar onde o efeito significativo está no nível de 0,05. O resultado do estudo revelou que o jogging teve efeito significativo sobre a gordura visceral p=0,001. Foi recomendado que o adolescente almajirai participasse todos os dias em 45 minutos ou mais de atividade física moderada a vigorosa que seja agradável e apropriada para o desenvolvimento

Investigation of Adhesion and Tribological Behavior of Borided AISI 310 Stainless Steel

In the present study, the effects of the boriding process on adhesion and tribological properties of AISI 310 steel were investigated. Boriding was performed in a solid medium consisting of Ekabor-II powders at 1123 and 1323K for 2 and 6 h. The boride layer was characterized by optical microscopy, the X-ray diffraction technique and the micro-Vickers hardness tester. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the boride layers on the surface of the steels revealed the existence of FexBy, CrxBy and NixBy compounds. Depending on the chemical composition of substrates, the boride layer thickness on the surface of the AISI 310 steel was found to be 56.74 μm. The hardness of the boride compounds formed on the surface of the AISI 310 steel ranged from 1658 to 2284 HV0,1, whereas the Vickers hardness value of the untreated steel AISI 310 was 276 HV0,1. The wear tests were carried out in a ball-disc arrangement under a dry friction condition at room temperature with an applied load of 10N and with a sliding speed of 0.3 m/s, at a sliding distance of 1000m. The wear surfaces of the steel were analyzed using an SEM microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy EDS. It was observed that the wear rate of unborided and borided AISI 310 steel ranged from 4.57 to 71.42 mm3/Nm

COPD exacerbations in general practice: variability in oral prednisolone courses

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The use of oral corticosteroids as treatment of COPD exacerbations in primary care is well established and evidence-based. However, the most appropriate dosage regimen has not been determined and remains controversial. Corticosteroid therapy is associated with a number of undesirable side effects, including hyperglycaemias, so differences in prescribing might be relevant. This study examines the differences between GPs in dosage and duration of prednisolone treatment in patients with a COPD exacerbation. It also investigates the number of general practitioners (GPs) who adjust their treatment according to the presence of diabetic co-morbidity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cross-sectional study among 219 GPs and 25 GPs in training, located in the Northern part of the Netherlands.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The response rate was 69%. Nearly every GP prescribed a continuous dose of prednisolone 30 mg per day. Among GPs there were substantial differences in treatment duration. GPs prescribed courses of five, seven, ten, or fourteen days. A course of seven days was most common. The duration of treatment depended on exacerbation and disease severity. A course of five days was especially prescribed in case of a less severe exacerbation. In a more severe exacerbation duration of seven to fourteen days was more common. Hardly any GP adjusted treatment to the presence of diabetic co-morbidity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Under normal conditions GPs prescribe prednisolone quite uniformly, within the range of the current Dutch guidelines. There is insufficient guidance regarding how to adjust corticosteroid treatment to exacerbation severity, disease severity and the presence of diabetic co-morbidity. Under these circumstances, there is a substantial variation in treatment duration.</p

The impact of care pathways for exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: rationale and design of a cluster randomized controlled trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hospital treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently does not follow published evidences. This lack of adherence can contribute to the high morbidity, mortality and readmissions rates. The European Quality of Care Pathway (EQCP) study on acute exacerbations of COPD (NTC00962468) is undertaken to determine how care pathways (CP) as complex intervention for hospital treatment of COPD affects care variability, adherence to evidence based key interventions and clinical outcomes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An international cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (cRCT) will be performed in Belgium, Italy, Ireland and Portugal. Based on the power analysis, a sample of 40 hospital teams and 398 patients will be included in the study. In the control arm of the study, usual care will be provided. The experimental teams will implement a CP as complex intervention which will include three active components: a formative evaluation of the quality and organization of care, a set of evidence based key interventions, and support on the development and implementation of the CP. The main outcome will be six-month readmission rate. As a secondary endpoint a set of clinical outcome and performance indicators (including care process evaluation and team functioning indicators) will be measured in both groups.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The EQCP study is the first international cRCT on care pathways. The design of the EQCP project is both a research study and a quality improvement project and will include a realistic evaluation framework including process analysis to further understand why and when CP can really work.</p> <p>Trial Registration number</p> <p><b>NCT00962468</b></p

The effect of the increase of linear dimensions on exponents obtained by finite-size scaling relations for the four-dimensional Ising model on the Creutz cellular automaton

WOS: 000256700500005The four-dimensional Ising model is simulated on the Creutz cellular automaton using finite-size lattices with linear dimension 4 <= L <= 22. The exponents in the finite-size scaling relations for the order parameter, the magnetic susceptibility at the finite-lattice critical temperature and the specific heat at the infinite-lattice critical temperature are computed to be beta = 0.5072(58), gamma = 1.0287(56) and alpha = -0.096(17), respectively, which are consistent with the renormalization group prediction of beta = 0.5, gamma = 1 and alpha = 0. The critical temperatures for the infinite lattice are found to be T-c(chi) = 6.6824(5) and T-c(C) = 6.6736(27), which are also consistent with the precise results