Early interventions tackling inequalities experienced by immigrant, low-income, and Roma children in 8 European countries: a critical overview

We analysed effective and promising interventions, within the classroom and school microsystems, aiming to promote equality and belongingness for immigrant, Roma, and low-income children attending early childhood education and care (ECEC) and primary education in eight European countries. Over 500 interventions were identified, and 78 interventions were analysed. We found that while 79% of the interventions provided some type of language support, only 32% considered children’s heritage language. Importantly, around 22% of the interventions targeted ECEC settings specifically, with most ECEC interventions implemented at the national level, taking place in the classroom and implemented by classroom teachers, and involving language support and family involvement activities. Language support seems to be widespread, recognising the foundational nature of language for learning, communication, and belongingness. However, comprehensive intercultural policies that explicitly support culture maintenance, communication, and positive contact may be valuable in guiding future developments.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Behavior and water needs of sesame under different irrigation regimes: III. Production and hydric efficiency.

This study aimed to identify the irrigation depth (305, 436, 567 and 698 mm), applied on the basis of crop evapotranspiration- ETc (the depth of 567 mm was equal to 100% of ETc) for best yield (Y) and water use efficiency (WUE) for irrigation and soil water stress tolerance (Ky) of sesame BRS 196 CNPA G4. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Cotton, Barbalha County, CE State, Brazil, in 2012. The experimental design was randomized block, with three replications. ETc was calculated by multiplying the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) determined by Penman-Monteith method with the crop coefficients (Kc) recommended by FAO. For other irrigation treatments, ETc was multiplied by 0.4, 0.7 and 1.3 (40, 70 and 130% of ETc). During harvest, number of capsules (NC) per plant, yield (Y), oil content (O) of seeds, WUE and Ky were counted, calculated and determined. It was concluded that 698 mm irrigation depth provided the highest yield and oil content of sesame seeds; 305 mm irrigation depth allowed the best WUE of sesame irrigation; and, sesame BRS 196 CNPA G4 plants were tolerant to soil water stress

Serological, parasitological and molecular assessment of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle from State Maranhão.

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in dairy cattle from São Luis Island in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. A total of 281 blood samples were collected. In total, 275 (97.9%) animals were B. bovis-reactive and B. bigemina-reactive in the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The microscopy examination detected 22 (7.8%) animals that were positive for Babesia sp. and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis showed that 91 animals (32.38%) and 23 animals (8.18%) were positive for B. bovis and B. bigemina, respectively, while 17 animals (6.04%) were co-infected. There is a high level of transmission of these protozoa in Maranhão, and the animals were naturally exposed. Therefore, it is possible to characterize the island as enzootic stability for babesiosis, indicat-ing a risk of financial losses when susceptible animals are introduced from areas of enzootic instability or free regions of B. bovis and B. bigemina.Título em português: Avaliação sorológica, parasitológica e molecular de Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina no gado do Estado do Maranhão

Natural boundaries for the Smoluchowski equation and affiliated diffusion processes

The Schr\"{o}dinger problem of deducing the microscopic dynamics from the input-output statistics data is known to admit a solution in terms of Markov diffusions. The uniqueness of solution is found linked to the natural boundaries respected by the underlying random motion. By choosing a reference Smoluchowski diffusion process, we automatically fix the Feynman-Kac potential and the field of local accelerations it induces. We generate the family of affiliated diffusions with the same local dynamics, but different inaccessible boundaries on finite, semi-infinite and infinite domains. For each diffusion process a unique Feynman-Kac kernel is obtained by the constrained (Dirichlet boundary data) Wiener path integration.As a by-product of the discussion, we give an overview of the problem of inaccessible boundaries for the diffusion and bring together (sometimes viewed from unexpected angles) results which are little known, and dispersed in publications from scarcely communicating areas of mathematics and physics.Comment: Latex file, Phys. Rev. E 49, 3815-3824, (1994

Cultivo orgânico de milho verde em sistema plantio direto na palhada de diferentes espécies de plantas de cobertura do solo.

Foram avaliadas, em Seropédica, RJ (Baixada Fluminense), diferentes espécies botânicas, em cultivos solteiros e consorciados, antecedendo o plantio direto de milho verde submetido ao manejo orgânico. Adotou-se delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de cultivos solteiros de crotalária ? Crotalaria juncea (C), girassol ? Helianthus annuus (G), sorgo ? Sorghum bicolor (S) e mamona ? Ricinus communis (M); dos consórcios: C + G, C + S, C + M, C + G + S, C + G + M, C + S + M e C + G + S + M; além do pousio, representado pelas parcelas mantidas cobertas com a vegetação espontânea. Na ausência da palhada de crotalária, o milho recebeu adubação suplementar com torta de mamona (2,0 Mg ha-1), 35 dias após a semeadura. Máxima contribuição em biomassa aérea correspondeu ao cultivo solteiro de crotalária. Nos consórcios, a leguminosa produziu mais biomassa do que cada uma das outras espécies e também acumulou maior quantidade de nitrogênio nos tecidos. Em sucessão aos cultivos solteiros das plantas de cobertura do solo e ao pousio, o milho alcançou produtividade maior do que em sucessão aos cultivos consorciados. Os resultados indicaram vantagem do uso da crotalária para o plantio direto do milho, pelo volume de palhada disponibilizada para adubação verde, o que proporcionou rendimento em espigas comercializáveis equivalente ou superior aos tratamentos nos quais o milho foi beneficiado pela adubação orgânica suplementar de cobertura.bitstream/item/42981/1/BOP-46.pd