Physical and phytochemical profile of wild and domesticated carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) genotypes

One wild and two domesticated (‘Etli’ and ’Sisam‘) carob genotypes grown in Antalya, Turkey were assessed for their physical and chemical properties in a comparative study. In most physical pod traits, the domesticated genotypes had higher values than those found in the wild genotype. On the other hand, physical seed traits such as average number of seed and seed to husk ratio had higher values in the wild genotype compared with the domesticated genotypes. Soluble solid content and the content of fructose, glucose and sucrose of the domesticated genotypes were higher than those found in the wild genotype. The levels of sucrose were found to be the highest compared with all the other sugars, in all genotypes. The N and K concentrations in the husk of the wild genotype were higher than that found in domesticated genotypes. The content of macro and micro nutrients in the seeds were quite similar among all the genotypes. The most abundant fatty acids were the methyl-esters of oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), palmitic acid (16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0). The husk of the wild genotype contained higher concentrations of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids compared with that of the domesticated genotypes. Fat concentration and fatty acid composition are the first reported in this paper. Our results suggest that ‘Etli’ and ‘Sisam’ are advantageous over the wild type regarding pod properties, while the wild genotype was found to be better regarding seed properties

Comparative evaluation of volatiles, phenolics, sugars, organic acids and antioxidant properties of Sel-42 and Tainung papaya varieties

PubMedID: 25466106The present study was designed to determine the phenolic compounds, organic acids, sugars, aroma profiles and antioxidant properties of Sel-42 and Tainung papayas grown in Turkey. High-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was used for the phenolic compounds analysis. Twelve phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the samples. The total phenolic content of Sel-42 was clearly higher than that of Tainung. Protocatechuic acid-hexoside, gallic acid-deoxyhexoside, ferulic acid and chlorogenic acids were the most abundant phenolics in both cultivars. Aroma composition of papaya was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 46 and 42 aroma compounds, including esters, alcohols, terpenes, lactones, acids, carbonyl compounds, and volatile phenols were identified in the Sel-42 and Tainung, respectively. The significant linear correlation was confirmed between the values for the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of papaya extracts. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Comparison of aroma compounds in Dwarf Cavendish banana (Musa spp. AAA) grown from open-field and protected cultivation area

Aroma profile from ripened fruits of Dwarf Cavendish banana cultivars grown under open-field (OF) and protected area (PA) cultivation was studied in order to determine aroma differences. Aroma compounds were extracted with dichloromethane, and analysed by gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionisation detection and GC-mass spectrometry. According to sensory analysis, the aromatic extract of banana was representative of banana odour. A total of 80 components were identified and quantified in OF-banana and 76 in PA-banana. Open-field banana contained more aroma compounds both qualitatively and quantitatively. Of all aroma compounds measured, esters were present in the highest amounts, followed by aldehydes. The main esters were isoamyl acetate, 2-pentanol acetate and isoamyl butanoate. The total amount of esters in OF-banana was 23.8. mg/kg and in PA-banana 20.5. mg/kg. Based on the sensory analysis, OF-banana was preferred over bananas produced in protected areas, because of their aroma quality. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management UnitThe authors thank the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for financial support for this research project (Project No. TUBITAK-107O156). The paper was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Akdeniz University. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Assoc. Prof. Dr. David Turner, University of Western Australia/Australia and Dr. Tomas Ayala-Silva, Horticulturist, USDA/ARS, Miami, FL, U.S.A., and Emeritus Prof. Richard A. Weismiller, University of Maryland, U.S.A for critical review of the manuscript

Physical and phytochemical profile of wild and domesticated carob (ceratonia siliqua l.) genotypes [Perfíl físico y fitoquímico de genotipos de algarrobo (ceratonia siliqua l.) silvestres y cultivados]

One wild and two domesticated ('Etli' and'Sisam') carob genotypes grown in Antalya, Turkey were assessed for their physical and chemical properties in a comparative study. In most physical pod traits, the domesticated genotypes had higher values than those found in the wild genotype. On the other hand, physical seed traits such as average number of seed and seed to husk ratio had higher values in the wild genotype compared with the domesticated genotypes. Soluble solid content and the content of fructose, glucose and sucrose of the domesticated genotypes were higher than those found in the wild genotype. The levels of sucrose were found to be the highest compared with all the other sugars, in all genotypes. The N and K concentrations in the husk of the wild genotype were higher than that found in domesticated genotypes. The content of macro and micro nutrients in the seeds were quite similar among all the genotypes. The most abundant fatty acids were the methyl-esters of oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0). The husk of the wild genotype contained higher concentrations of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids compared with that of the domesticated genotypes. Fat concentration and fatty acid composition are the first reported in this paper. Our results suggest that 'Etli' and 'Sisam' are advantageous over the wild type regarding pod properties, while the wild genotype was found to be better regarding seed properties

Physical and phytochemical profile of wild and domesticated carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) genotypes

One wild and two domesticated (�Etli� and �Sisam�) carob genotypes grown in Antalya, Turkey were assessed for their physical and chemical properties in a comparative study. In most physical pod traits, the domesticated genotypes had higher values than those found in the wild genotype. On the other hand, physical seed traits such as average number of seed and seed to husk ratio had higher values in the wild genotype compared with the domesticated genotypes. Soluble solid content and the content of fructose, glucose and sucrose of the domesticated genotypes were higher than those found in the wild genotype. The levels of sucrose were found to be the highest compared with all the other sugars, in all genotypes. The N and K concentrations in the husk of the wild genotype were higher than that found in domesticated genotypes. The content of macro and micro nutrients in the seeds were quite similar among all the genotypes. The most abundant fatty acids were the methyl-esters of oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0). The husk of the wild genotype contained higher concentrations of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids compared with that of the domesticated genotypes. Fat concentration and fatty acid composition are the first reported in this paper. Our results suggest that �Etli� and �Sisam� are advantageous over the wild type regarding pod properties, while the wild genotype was found to be better regarding seed properties.Se evaluaron comparativamente las propiedades físicas y químicas de un algarrobo silvestre y dos cultivados (�Etli� y �Sisam�) en Antalya, Turquía. En la mayoría de los caracteres físicos de las vainas, los genotipos cultivados tenían valores más altos que los del genotipo silvestre. En cambio, los caracteres físicos de las semillas, como el número promedio de semillas y la ratio cáscara/semilla presentaron mayores valores en el genotipo silvestre en comparación con los cultivados. El contenido de sólidos solubles y de fructosa, glucosa y sacarosa de los genotipos cultivados fue superior al del genotipo silvestre. En todos los genotipos, los niveles de sacarosa resultaron ser los más altos de todos los azúcares. Las concentraciones de N y de K en la cáscara del genotipo silvestre fueron superiores que la encontrada en los genotipos cultivados. El contenido de macro y micronutrientes en las semillas fueron muy similares en todos los genotipos. Los ácidos grasos más abundantes fueron los metil-ésteres de ácido oleico (C18: 1), el ácido linoleico (C18: 2n6), el ácido palmítico (C16:0) y el ácido esteárico (C18: 0). La cáscara del genotipo silvestre contenía concentraciones más altas de los ácidos grasos mono y poliinsaturados en comparación con la de los genotipos cultivados. Este trabajo es el primer reporte sobre la concentración de grasa y la composición de ácidos grasos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que �Etli� y �Sisam� presentan mayores ventajas en las propiedades de la vaina, mientras que el tipo silvestre presenta mejores propiedades en la semilla

Physical and phytochemical profile of wild and domesticated carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) genotypes

WOS: 000286784200027One wild and two domesticated ('Etli' and 'Sisam') carob genotypes grown in Antalya, Turkey were assessed for their physical and chemical properties in a comparative study. In most physical pod traits, the domesticated genotypes had higher values than those found in the wild genotype. On the other hand, physical seed traits such as average number of seed and seed to husk ratio had higher values in the wild genotype compared with the domesticated genotypes. Soluble solid content and the content of fructose, glucose and sucrose of the domesticated genotypes were higher than those found in the wild genotype. The levels of sucrose were found to be the highest compared with all the other sugars, in all genotypes. The N and K concentrations in the husk of the wild genotype were higher than that found in domesticated genotypes. The content of macro and micro nutrients in the seeds were quite similar among all the genotypes. The most abundant fatty acids were the methyl-esters of oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0). The husk of the wild genotype contained higher concentrations of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids compared with that of the domesticated genotypes. Fat concentration and fatty acid composition are the first reported in this paper. Our results suggest that 'Etli' and 'Sisam' are advantageous over the wild type regarding pod properties, while the wild genotype was found to be better regarding seed properties.Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Akdeniz UniversityAkdeniz UniversityThis work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Akdeniz University. The authors thank Dr. David Turner, University of Western Australia/Australia, Dr Joe Sempik, Loughborough University/England, Dr. Uri Lavi, ARO-Volcani Center, Israel and Dr. Barbara Reed, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, United States Department of Agriculture/USA for their critical review of this manuscript