42 research outputs found
High-quality de novo assembly of the apple genome and methylome dynamics of early fruit development
Using the latest sequencing and optical mapping technologies, we have produced a high-quality de novo assembly of the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) genome. Repeat sequences, which represented over half of the assembly, provided an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the uncharacterized regions of a tree genome; we identified a new hyper-repetitive retrotransposon sequence that was over-represented in heterochromatic regions and estimated that a major burst of different transposable elements (TEs) occurred 21 million years ago. Notably, the timing of this TE burst coincided with the uplift of the Tian Shan mountains, which is thought to be the center of the location where the apple originated, suggesting that TEs and associated processes may have contributed to the diversification of the apple ancestor and possibly to its divergence from pear. Finally, genome-wide DNA methylation data suggest that epigenetic marks may contribute to agronomically relevant aspects, such as apple fruit development
The importance of crop growth modeling to interpret the Î14CO2 signature of annual plants
[1] The 14C/C abundance in CO2(Âż14CO2) promises to provide useful constraints on regional fossil fuel emissions and atmospheric transport through the large gradients introduced by anthropogenic activity. The currently sparse atmospheric Âż14CO2 monitoring network can potentially be augmented by using plant biomass as an integrated sample of the atmospheric Âż14CO2. But the interpretation of such an integrated sample requires knowledge about the dayÂżtoÂżday CO2 uptake of the sampled plants. We investigate here the required detail in daily plant growth variations needed to accurately interpret regional fossil fuel emissions from annual plant samples. We use a crop growth model driven by daily meteorology to reproduce daily fixation of Âż14CO2 in maize and wheat plants in the Netherlands in 2008. When comparing the integrated Âż14CO2 simulated with this detailed model to the values obtained when using simpler proxies for daily plant growth (such as radiation and temperature), we find differences that can exceed the reported measurement precision of Âż14CO2(~2â°). Furthermore, we show that even in the absence of any spatial differences in fossil fuel emissions, differences in regional weather can induce plant growth variations that result in spatial gradients of up to 3.5â° in plant samples. These gradients are even larger when interpreting separate plant organs (leaves, stems, roots, or fruits), as they each develop during different time periods. Not accounting for these growthÂżinduced differences in Âż14CO2 in plant samples would introduce a substantial bias (1.5â2Âżppm) when estimating the fraction of atmospheric CO2 variations resulting from nearby fossil fuel emission
Physical properties of a Red-Yellow Latosol and productivity of a signalgrass pasture fertilized with increasing nitrogen doses
Tensile strength, friability and organic carbon in an oxisol under a crop-livestock system
AlteraçÔes estruturais e comportamento compressivo de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico argiloso sob diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo
Demanda de tração e propriedades fĂsicas de um Argissolo em diferentes manejos e intensidades de trĂĄfego
Quantificação da resistĂȘncia tĂȘnsil e da friabilidade de um latossolo vermelho distrofĂ©rrico sob plantio direto
Evolution de la fertilité physique des sols dans les systÚmes de cultures fourragÚres de l'ouest de la France
National audienc
Generating 3D soil surfaces from 2D height measurements to determine depression storage
DOI:10.1016/j.catena.2005.05.006International audienc
Criblage de génotypes de Pyrus vis-à -vis de la résistance au psylle du poirier Cacopsylla pyri (L.)
National audienc