Características químicas e valores energéticos de farelos de soja do oeste e sudoeste do Paraná Chemistry characteristics and energetics values of soybean meals

Foi realizado um estudo para determinar a variabilidade de características químicas e valores energéticos de farelos de soja (FS) do oeste e sudoeste do Paraná. Foram estudadas 40 amostras colhidas em 10 processadores e distribuidores durante quatro meses consecutivos. Houve diferenças (P<0,05) entre os teores de matéria seca (MS) dos farelos de soja (FS) analisados. O FS 10 apresentou menor (P<0,05) teor de MS (86,72%) em relação aos FS 2, 4, 5, 6 e 9 (88,96, 90,60, 89,19, 89,08 e 88,72%, respectivamente). O FS 4 teve menor conteúdo de Ca (0,31%), enquanto os FS 5 e 7 mostraram os maiores teores de Ca (0,36 e 0,36%, respectivamente). Ocorreram diferenças (P<0,05) entre os valores de energia metabolizável verdadeira (EMVn) calculados, com o FS 8 apresentando a maior concentração (2,65Mcal kg-1) e os FS 5 e 10 os menores teores de energia calculados (2,51 e 2,50Mcal kg-1, respectivamente). Pode-se concluir que a composição química dos farelos de soja das regiões oeste e sudoeste do Paraná apresenta pouca variação e, exceto para a fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, ferro e manganês, os valores encontrados são próximos daqueles citados na literatura.<br>A study was conducted to determine the variability on chemical and nutritional characteristics of soybean meal from the West and Southwest Paraná state. Forty samples of soybean meal were collected in ten different processors and distributors during four months consecutively. There were differences (P<0.05) among the dry matter (DM) in samples of soybean meal analyzed. The soybean meal 10 had less (P<0.05) level of DM (86.72%) compared with soybean meals 2, 4, 5, 6 and 9 (88.96, 90.60, 89.19, 89.08 and 88.72%, respectively). The soybean meal 4 showed less content of Ca (0.31%), while the soybean meals 5 and 7 had higher levels of Ca (0.36 and 0.36, respectively). The calculated TMEn value of soybean meal 8 was higher (P<0.05) than soybean meals 5 and 10 (2.65 versus 2.51 and 2.50Mcal kg-1, respectively). The chemical composition of soybean meal from the West and Southwest Paraná state is homogenous and near that found in scientific literature, except for neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, iron and manganese

Amino acid composition of soybean seeds as affected by climatic variables

The objective of this work was to perform a quantitative analysis of the amino acid composition of soybean seeds as affected by climatic variables during seed filling. Amino acids were determined from seed samples taken at harvest in 31 multi-environment field trials carried out in Argentina. Total amino acids ranged from 31.69 to 49.14%, and total essential and nonessential amino acids varied from 12.83 to 19.02% and from 18.86 to 31.15%, respectively. Variance components expressed as the percentage of total variation showed that the environment was the most important source of variation for all traits, followed by the genotype x environment interaction. Significant explanatory linear regressions were detected for amino acid content regarding: average daily mean air temperature and cumulative solar radiation, during seed filling; precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration, during the whole reproductive period; and the combinations of these climatic variables. Each amino acid behaves differently according to environmental conditions, indicating compensatory effects among them

Complexo enzimático para suínos: digestão, metabolismo, desempenho e impacto ambiental Enzyme complex for swine: nutrient digestion, metabolism, performance and environmental impact

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos para avaliar a suplementação enzimática (amilase, pentosanase, celulase, protease e a-galactosidase) em rações à base de milho e farelo de soja para suínos. No Exp 1, foram determinadas as digestibilidades aparentes da energia, matéria seca, proteína e das fibras das rações, com ou sem o complexo enzimático, para suínos machos castrados, com 19,96 &plusmn; 2,90 kg de peso vivo. Foi utilizado o método da coleta total de fezes e as rações foram formuladas com níveis reduzidos de energia, proteína e aminoácidos. No Exp 2, foram mensurados o desempenho, a excreção de sólidos totais e voláteis, matéria mineral, nitrogênio, macro e microminerais nas fezes, em relação ao desempenho, de suínos machos castrados dos 50 aos 151 dias de idade, com peso médio inicial de 18,34 &plusmn; 1,35 kg. Foram utilizadas três dietas, sendo uma ração formulada para atender ou exceder as exigências nutricionais dos animais, de acordo com o NRC (1998), e outras duas com níveis reduzidos de energia, proteína e aminoácidos, suplementadas ou não com o complexo enzimático. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados. A suplementação enzimática em rações contendo milho e farelo de soja não promoveu incrementos na digestibilidade de nutrientes, não melhorou o desempenho dos animais e também não reduziu a excreção de resíduos pelas fezes. Mais estudos são necessários para testar novas matrizes e diferentes níveis do complexo enzimático.<br>Two experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary enzyme supplementation (amylase, pentosanase, celulase and a-galactosidase) in corn-soy diets for swine. In the Exp 1, the apparent digestibilities of energy, dry matter, protein and fibers of the feeds were determined, using a nutritional matrix with or without enzyme supplementation for barrows with 19.96 &plusmn; 2.90 kg body weight. The total feces collection method was used and the diets were formulated with reduced energy, protein and amino acids levels. In the Exp 2, growth performance, production and composition of feces in total solids, volatile solids, nitrogen, macro and micro minerals, in relation to growth performance, were measured in barrows from 50 to 151 days of age and 18.34 &plusmn; 1.35 kg initial body weight. Three experimental diets were used, one formulated to meet or exceed the nutritional requirements of swine according to NRC (1998) and the others with reduced energy, protein and amino acids levels, with or without the enzyme complex. It was used a complete randomized block design. Dietary enzyme supplementation in feeds based mainly on corn and soybean meal did not improve nutrient digestibilities and growth performance neither reduced nutrient excretion in feces. More research is necessary to test new nutritional matrix and different levels of the enzyme complex