Forte São Joaquim: de marco da ocupação portuguesa do vale do Rio Branco às batalhas da memória – século XVIII ao XX

Este artigo trata do papel do Forte São Joaquim na consolidação da fronteira e da ocupação do vale do rio Branco, localizado no atual estado de Roraima. Busca compreender o processo de ocupação da região no final do século XVIII e XIX, descrever a política colonial portuguesa e imperial brasileira. Discutir questões relacionadas à memória do Forte São Joaquim, procurando dar maior ênfase aos sujeitos participantes desse processo. Além da discussão sobre a disputa pela memória do Forte São Joaquim, questão que envolve diversos segmentos da sociedade roraimense, memória que foi apropriada pelas chamadas famílias “pioneiras”, em que algumas delas têm suas origens ligadas a ex-integrantes da fortificação, e a utilizam para justificar suas posses e consolidar seu lugar social

FORTE SÃO JOAQUIM: DO MARCO DA OCUPAÇÃO PORTUGUESA DO VALE DO RIO BRANCO ÀS BATALHAS DA MEMÓRIA – SÉCULO XVIII AO XX.

Este artigo trata do papel do Forte São Joaquim na consolidação da fronteira e da ocupação do vale do rio Branco, locali¬zado no atual estado de Roraima. Busca compreender o processo de ocupação da região no final do século XVIII e XIX, descrever a política colonial portuguesa e imperial brasileira. Discutir questões rela¬cionadas à memória do Forte São Joaquim, procurando dar maior ênfase aos sujeitos participantes desse processo. Além da discussão sobre a disputa pela memória do Forte São Joaquim, questão que envolve diversos segmentos da sociedade rorai-mense, memória que foi apropriada pelas chamadas famílias “pioneiras”, em que algumas delas têm suas origens ligadas a ex-integrantes da fortificação, e a utilizam para justificar suas posses e consolidar seu lugar social

FORTE SÃO JOAQUIM: DO MARCO DA OCUPAÇÃO PORTUGUESA DO VALE DO RIO BRANCO ÀS BATALHAS DA MEMÓRIA – SÉCULO XVIII AO XX.

Este artigo trata do papel do Forte São Joaquim na consolidação da fronteira e da ocupação do vale do rio Branco, locali¬zado no atual estado de Roraima. Busca compreender o processo de ocupação da região no final do século XVIII e XIX, descrever a política colonial portuguesa e imperial brasileira. Discutir questões rela¬cionadas à memória do Forte São Joaquim, procurando dar maior ênfase aos sujeitos participantes desse processo. Além da discussão sobre a disputa pela memória do Forte São Joaquim, questão que envolve diversos segmentos da sociedade rorai-mense, memória que foi apropriada pelas chamadas famílias “pioneiras”, em que algumas delas têm suas origens ligadas a ex-integrantes da fortificação, e a utilizam para justificar suas posses e consolidar seu lugar social

Saint Joaquim's Fort: from the milestone of the portuguese occupation on the Rio Branco valley to the battles of memory - XVIII to XX centuries

This article talks about the role of Saint Joaquim’s Fort in the consolidation of the border and of the occupation of the Rio Branco valley, located in the current State of Roraima. It strives to comprehend the process of occupation of the region in the end of the XVIII and XIX centuries, describe the colonial policies of the Portuguese and the Brazilian Empire alike, to discuss questions related to the memory of Saint Joaquim’s Fort, trying to emphasize the subjects who participated in this process. Moreover, there is a discussion about the dispute over Saint Joaquim’s Fort, a question that involves several segments of Roraima’s society, a memory that was appropriated by the so called “pioneer” families because some of them had their origins bound to ex-participants of the fortification and utilized them to justify their possessions and to consolidate their social place

The Impact of Antipsychotic Polytherapy Costs in the Public Health Care in São Paulo, Brazil

IntroductionGuidelines for the treatment of psychoses recommend antipsychotic monotherapy. However, the rate of antipsychotic polytherapy has increased over the last decade, reaching up to 60% in some settings. Studies evaluating the costs and impact of antipsychotic polytherapy in the health system are scarce.ObjectiveTo estimate the costs of antipsychotic polytherapy and its impact on public health costs in a sample of subjects with psychotic disorders living in residential facilities in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.MethodA cross-sectional study that used a bottom-up approach for collecting costs data in a public health provider's perspective. Subjects with psychosis living in 20 fully-staffed residential facilities in the city of São Paulo were assessed for clinical and psychosocial profile, severity of symptoms, quality of life, use of health services and pharmacological treatment. the impact of polytherapy on total direct costs was evaluated.Results147 subjects were included, 134 used antipsychotics regularly and 38% were in use of antipsychotic polytherapy. There were no significant differences in clinical and psychosocial characteristics between polytherapy and monotherapy groups. Four variables explained 30% of direct costs: the number of antipsychotics, location of the residential facility, time living in the facility and use of olanzapine. the costs of antipsychotics corresponded to 94.4% of the total psychotropic costs and to 49.5% of all health services use when excluding accommodation costs. Olanzapine costs corresponded to 51% of all psychotropic costs.ConclusionAntipsychotic polytherapy is a huge economic burden to public health service, despite the lack of evidence supporting this practice. Great variations on antipsychotic costs explicit the need of establishing protocols for rational antipsychotic prescriptions and consequently optimising resource allocation. Cost-effectiveness studies are necessary to estimate the best value for money among antipsychotics, especially in low and middle income countries.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Ministry of Health of BrazilConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, CESM, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, CESM, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2009/53286-3Web of Scienc

Impaired Preadipocyte Differentiation in Human Abdominal Obesity: Role of Wnt, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Inflammation

OBJECTIVE—We examined preadipocyte differentiation in obese and nonobese individuals and the effect of cytokines and wingless-type MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus) integration site family, member 3A (Wnt3a) protein on preadipocyte differ-entiation and phenotype. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Abdominal subcuta-neous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from a total of 51 donors with varying BMI. After isolation of the adipose and stromalvascular cells, inflammatory cells (CD14- and CD45-positive cells) were removed by immune magnetic separation. CD133-positive cells, containing early progenitor cells, were also isolated and quantified. The CD14- and CD45-negative preadipo-cytes were cultured with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, inter-leukin (IL)-6, resistin, or Wnt3a with or without a differentiation cocktail

Resveratrol derivatives as potential treatments for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in different regions of the nervous system. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the two most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, and the symptoms associated with these pathologies are closely related to the regions that are most affected by the process of neurodegeneration. Despite their high prevalence, currently, there is no cure or disease-modifying drugs for the treatment of these conditions. In the last decades, due to the need for the development of new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, several authors have investigated the neuroprotective actions of naturally occurring molecules, such as resveratrol. Resveratrol is a stilbene found in several plants, including grapes, blueberries, raspberries, and peanuts. Studies have shown that resveratrol presents neuroprotective actions in experimental models of AD and PD, however, its clinical application is limited due to its rapid metabolism and low bioavailability. In this context, studies have proposed that structural changes in the resveratrol molecule, including glycosylation, alkylation, halogenation, hydroxylation, methylation, and prenylation could lead to the development of derivatives with enhanced bioavailability and pharmacological activity. Therefore, this review article aims to discuss how resveratrol derivatives could represent viable molecules in the search for new drugs for the treatment of AD and PD

Hearing preservation and cochlear implants according to inner ear approach: multicentric evaluation

AbstractIntroductionElectroacoustic stimulation is an excellent option for people with residual hearing in the low frequencies, who obtain insufficient benefit with hearing aids. To be effective, the subject's residual hearing should be preserved during cochlear implant surgery.ObjectivesTo evaluate the hearing preservation in patients that underwent implant placement and to compare the results in accordance with the approach to the inner ear.Methods19 subjects underwent a soft surgical technique, and the electrode MED-EL FLEX™ EAS, designed to be atraumatic, was used. We evaluated pre- and postoperative tonal audiometric tests with an average of 18.4 months after implantation, to measure the rate of hearing preservation.Results17 patients had total or partial preservation of residual hearing; 5 had total hearing preservation and two individuals had no preservation of hearing. The insertion of the electrode occurred through a cochleostomy in 3 patients, and in 2 of these there was no hearing preservation; the other 16 patients experienced electrode insertion through a round window approach. All patients benefited from the cochlear implant, even those who are only using electrical stimulation.ConclusionThe hearing preservation occurred in 89.4% of cases. There was no significant difference between the forms of inner ear approach

Eletromyography of abdominal muscles in different physical exercises: An update protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:The abdominal muscles are extremely important because they are directly involved in the functions of support, containment of viscera, and help in the process of expiration, defecation, urination, vomiting, and also at the time of childbirth. Many exercises and equipment are used to strengthen the abdominal muscles, and the workouts are proposed for a variety of purposes, such as preventing and rehabilitating low back pain, improving sports performance, achieving aesthetic standards, among others. Exercises that potentiate the electromyographic activity promote a greater recruitment of muscle fibers and are more effective to improve or maintain of the force. The electromyographic activity analysis allows us to reflect on the quality of the exercises proposed, consequently, to choose and order the exercises properly in a training session.Methods:Our systematic review protocol will developed following the reporting items for the systematic review. To identify relevant studies, we sought articles on the following bases: MEDLINE, PubMed, Europubmed, SciELO, Physiotherapy Evidences Data Base (PEDro), Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The methodological quality of the studies included in the review will evaluated using a checklist and quality assessment. For intervention studies, risk of bias will estimated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.Results:The results of this study will show the electromyographic activation of the abdomen in the different types of exercises.Conclusion:Ethics approval was not required for this study because it was based on published studies. The results and findings of this study will be submitted and published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal.Systematic review registration:PROSPERO CRD42018086172.Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Biomed Sci, Electromyog Lab, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Lab Expt Med, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Goias, Dept Biol Sci, Catalao, BrazilUNIPAC Coll Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Coll Phys Educ, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilAtenas Coll, Morphofunct Dept, Paracatu, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biosci, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biosci, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc