3D Numerical Model of Navier-Stokes Flows to solve Topology Optimization by including scalar Transport Problems

openImplementazione in C++ di un algoritmo in parallelo per risolvere il campo di moto di fluidi (equazioni di Navier Stokes) in domini 3D, l'eventuale trasporto di una sostanza in esso, e il l'ottimizzazione topologica della regione fornita sulla base di un criterio scelto.C++ implementation of a numerical algorithm in parallel to solve 3D flows (Navier Stokes equations) coupled with the transport of a substances, and the topology optimization of the given region based on a chosen criteria

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Terminologische Explorationen zur ASFINAG: Motorradsicherheit (Deutsch – Englisch)

Diese wissenschaftliche Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema Motorradsicherheit. Ausgangspunkt ist ein Länderbericht des BMVIT, der wichtige terminologische Begriffe zum Thema Straßenbau und Verkehrssicherheit enthält. Die Arbeit ist für all jene, die sich mit dem Thema beschäftigen oder sich dafür interessieren und insbesondere für Linguisten und TranslatorInnen mit der Sprachkombination Englisch/Deutsch gedacht. In der Masterarbeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche terminologischen Unter-schiede es im Bereich Straßenbau und Verkehrswesen gibt. Es wird zunächst die Terminologie in beiden Sprachen recherchiert und dann einander gegenübergestellt. Die terminologischen Ergebnisse werden in einem zweisprachigen Glossar festgehalten. Der Schwerpunkt liegt darin herauszufinden, ob es Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Ländern, nämlich Österreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz, gibt. Das erste Kapitel ist die Einleitung, welche eine allgemeine Einführung in das Thema bietet und kurz auf die Hintergründe der Themenwahl eingeht. Im zweiten Kapitel wird eine allgemeine Statistik über Motorradunfälle in Österreich aufgezeigt. Anschließend wird im dritten Kapitel die ASFINAG präsentiert. Es werden zunächst allgemeine Informationen gegeben und daraufhin folgen historische Eckdaten. Eine weitere Organisation wird präsentiert, die im Zusammenhang mit Translation von höchster Bedeutung ist, nämlich die PIARC, der Weltstraßenverband. Im vierten Kapitel geht es um die deutsche Sprache. Es wird die plurizentrische Stellung des Deutschen untersucht. Im Anschluss daran folgt im fünften Kapitel das Glossar, welches alphabetisch angeordnet ist. Dort werden die Begriffe der Reihe nach auf Englisch sowie auf Deutsch definiert. Im Anschluss an das Glossar gibt es noch ein Kurzglossar, in welchem nur die Benennungen und etwaigen Synonyme in beiden Sprachen einander gegenübergestellt wurden.This master’s thesis deals with the topic of motorcycle safety. The starting point was the report of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology which contains many important terms in connection with road construction and road safety. This master’s thesis is dedicated to everyone who is interested in this topic or who deals with it and especially for linguists and translators with the language combination English/German. The main research question was to find out whether there are any terminological differences between English and German in this field. For that purpose, the terminology had to be found, analysed and compared in both languages. The results of the terminological analysis were written down into a glossary. The focus was also to find out whether there are differences in German between the countries Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The first chapter deals with the introduction into the topic whereas the second chapter gives statistics about motorcycle accidents. The third chapter is dedicated to the ASFINAG. General information about this organisation and some historical data are presented. Another organisation follows, namely the PIARC. The next chapter provides information about the German language. The focus is to discuss German as a multi-centred language. The fifth chapter contains the glossary, which is given in alphabetical order. The terms are defined in English as well as in German. At the end there is also a short glossary where all analysed terms, including synonyms, can be found in both languages. This has been created to make research easier