Factors affecting penicillium roquefortii (penicillium glaucum) in internally mould ripened cheeses: implications for pre-packed blue cheeses

The amount and vivid colour of blue veins of internally mould ripened cheeses are desirable quality characteristics. It is therefore important that there is a sufficient amount of veining and that it maintains its blue appearance to be appealing to consumers therefore leading to maximised sales potential and profit for the manufacturing company. Optimum in vitro growth mimicking the conditions typically found in prepacked blue cheeses, and using lactose as the sole carbon source, was facilitated by a gas mixture of 5% oxygen ⁄0% carbon dioxide ⁄ balance nitrogen). The work undertaken in this study determined that the factors for optimum in vitro growth of Penicillium roquefortii (strain PRB6) were: a temperature of 20 ± 1 �C, pH of 6.0 ± 0.1, and a relative humidity of 70 ± 0.1%. Further in vitro studies have also shown that the increasing ‘in-pack’ carbon dioxide concentration not only depresses the growth of P. roquefortii but also affects immature conidiospore pigmentation (no effect has been seen on mature conidiospore pigmentation). The implications of this study suggest that the majority of pre-packed internally mould ripened blue cheeses on sale in supermarkets are packaged in inappropriate materials. For some cheeses (e.g. the Roquefort-type cheeses) this is not an issue since these are packed in a much more mature state and some loss of veining colour is not appreciably noticeable

Seeking a Philosophy of Music in Higher Education: The Case of Mid-nineteenth Century Edinburgh

In 1851-2 the Trustees of the Reid bequest at the University of Edinburgh undertook an investigation into music education. Concerned that the funds which supported the Chair of Music should be spent as efficiently and effectively as possible, they consulted professional and academic musicians in search of new forms of teaching music at university level. The investigation itself, and the resulting correspondence, illuminate the problems inherent in defining music for the academy. They reflect the difficult position of music as a profession, as well as its uneasy relationship with science and ideas of craft and genius. For modern music educators, such an investigation invites an opportunity to consider the basic tenets of music as an academic subject. The questions posed by the Edinburgh Trustees go to the heart of what it means to teach and study music, and demonstrate the value of historical perspectives for interrogating present-day norms and practice

Book Review: The No-Nonsense Guide to Equality By Danny Dorling New Internationalist Press 2012

When invited to review this book I approached its content with eager anticipation, why you might ask? The answer is quite literally because I am so used to thinking about ‘inequality’ that the title of this book, in its very essence, challenges some of the fundamental assumptions that we may hold with regards to the way we observe, discuss and analyse social interactions in society. This book usurps some of these assumptions. The concept is straightforward; a ‘no-nonsense guide to equality, inequalities are not forgotten or dismissed; instead the reader is invited to think about equality and inequality in society and the impact that greater equality may bring with i

Reproductive donation practice, policy and bioethics

Book revie

Continuity tester screens out faulty socket connections

A device, used before and after assembly, tests the continuity of an electrical circuit through each pin and socket of multiple connector sockets. Electrically insulated except at the contact area, a test probe is dimensioned to make contact only in properly formed sockets

Rights, Performatives, and Promises in Karl Olivecrona’s Legal Theory

Karl Olivecrona (1971) maintains that right is a hollow word, and so also for some other legal terms. Right, he says, has no conceptual background. He arrives at this position after an examination of metaphysical and naturalistic accounts, including American legal realism. Some of Olivecrona\u27s arguments will be evaluated here. His position is influenced by Hagerstrom\u27s theory of legal language, but he argues that Hagerstrom fails to account for how such terms as right, duty, etc. function in legal discourse and why they are useful. A parallel approach is also found in Olivecrona\u27s book The Problem of the Monetary Unit (1957). Olivecrona is left with the problem of how such hollow terms function. His explanation is largely psychological. Going beyond J. L. Austin\u27s notion of performatory language, he introduces the idea of performatory imperatives. I propose to submit Olivecrona\u27s approach to a critical examination. It is suggested that had he started from everyday, nonlegal promises and commitments he might well have ended up with a different theory of legal language

The university must be defended: collateral damage, part 37

The address takes as its leading point Foucault's well-known, Society Must Be Defended, and delivers an eloquent, passionate argument of why it matters that the 'arts and humanities' are central to the contemporary University. It develops the role of corporatism, protest and liberal arts as foundational to our future endeavours at the University