An exploratory study on the impact of electoral participation upon a terrorist group’s use of violence in a given year

Recent studies seeking to understand the determinants of terrorism tend to focus upon situational, rather than structural measures. Typically these studies examine the interaction of terrorist attacks and repressive state actions. However, we know very little about other situational measures that may impact upon a group’s scale of violent activity within a particular year. This preliminary study analyses terrorist attacks committed by both the Provisional IRA (PIRA) and ETA and the electoral performances of the groups’ political wings, Sinn Fein and Batasuna, from 1970 to 1998 and from 1978 to 2005 respectively. More specifically, this paper examines whether the nature and content of terrorist attacks differ in the build-up to that group’s political-wing participating in elections. In other words, this article is a preliminary study of the influence of electoral participation on attack frequency and target selection. Results suggest that PIRA significantly decreased their attacks in an election year and this had a positive impact upon Sinn Fein’s electoral performance. On the other hand, ETA significantly increased its attacks in an election year and this had no significant impact upon Batasuna’s electoral performance

Wind turbine condition assessment through power curve copula modeling

Power curves constructed from wind speed and active power output measurements provide an established method of analyzing wind turbine performance. In this paper it is proposed that operational data from wind turbines are used to estimate bivariate probability distribution functions representing the power curve of existing turbines so that deviations from expected behavior can be detected. Owing to the complex form of dependency between active power and wind speed, which no classical parameterized distribution can approximate, the application of empirical copulas is proposed; the statistical theory of copulas allows the distribution form of marginal distributions of wind speed and power to be expressed separately from information about the dependency between them. Copula analysis is discussed in terms of its likely usefulness in wind turbine condition monitoring, particularly in early recognition of incipient faults such as blade degradation, yaw and pitch errors

Wordsworth and the Victorians

Words worth belongs to a generation that re-invented posterity as the true judge of artistic worth, a truth beyond fashion and faction, the eternal justification of a misunderstood life. His exact contemporary Holderlin asked \u27Wozu Dichter in diirftiger Zeit, meaning, among other things, why be a poet in an age that does not know how to value poetry? Romantic poets invested very heavily in the future, and for that reason, leaving aside others, their reception makes a fascinating study, full of veneration, misprision, irony, bathos, creative imitation and unconscious symbiosis. Stephen Gill\u27s book IS about both the Victorianization of Words worth and the Wordsworthianization of the Victorians. So \u27reception\u27 is too passive and simple a term. This is not exclusively a narrative of responses from writers and reviewers, professional compares in the business of literary criticism; it is about remakings, some of which are generally familiar. Matthew Arnold\u27s reinvention of Wordsworth - the Words worth whose \u27philosophy\u27 and by implication most of The Prelude is of no lasting value - is still well known through his Essays in Criticism and his selected edition, Poems of Wordsworth (1879), which was still in print very recently. Perhaps J. S. Mill\u27s account of his recovery from emotional breakdown, his discovery of Wordsworth\u27s saving power, is as well known: certainly it is accepted by many critics as a narrative - in fact the narrative - of Wordsworth\u27s absorption into mainstream Victorian liberal individualism: another ambiguous canonization (I\u27m thinking of, for example, Anne Janowitz\u27s Lyric and Labour in the Romantic Tradition). But these landmarks in the history of \u27Wordsworth\u27 take on a fresh appearance in Gill\u27s indispensable book, which fills in a great many details and looks at the subject from a number of angles. The cast in this story is huge: not just poets but novelists, reviewers, publishers, publicists, editors, biographers, political and religious opportunists (especially the latter), self-appointed heritage-definers, and simple souvenir-hunters who removed plants from Rydal Mount right under Wordsworth\u27s nose - among them one Isaac Evans, who in 1841 collected rose leaves to send to his sister Mary Ann

Charter and Party Boat Operators in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: A Social Structure Perspective

To better address the charter and party boat fishery needs in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, fishery managers must understand the linkages between the industry and other groups and organizations that affect its success. Gulf state charter and party boat operators were interviewed to ascertain the extent of their social network linkages, membership in community organizations, business community relationships, and linkages to information sources. Approximately one-third to one-half of the charter and party boat operators did not belong to local community organizations that could assist their business through tourism promotion or natural resource protection. Despite their limited integration in the community, the vast majority of operators gave and received referrals from other businesses. Of four major information sources, the National Weather Service and the County Marine Extension agents were rated highest and lowest, respectively, in mean importance to charter and party boat operators. Results suggest that business success can be enhanced by strengthening network ties between operators and local businesses, chambers of commerce, and tourism organizations. For this to occur, individual operators and charter/party boat organizations need to become more effective in representing industry interests. Informational linkages between industry and govemment agencies also need improvement

Professional Disclosure and Consumer Protection in Counseling

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89477/1/j.2164-4918.1982.tb00796.x.pd

Novel hybrid organic/inorganic single-sited catalysts and supports for fine chemical and pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis

The study of catalysis is a fundamental aspect of chemical engineering, as its implications affect all chemical transformations. Traditionally, catalysis has been subdivided into two areas: homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Homogeneous catalysis refers to single-sited catalysts that exist in the same phase as the reaction media. These catalysts tend to be highly active and selective but often difficult to recover and reuse. In contrast, heterogeneous catalysts are typically multi-sited catalysts that exist in a different phase from the reaction media. These catalysts tend to be less active and selective than their homogeneous counterparts. However, the vast majority of industrial scale catalysts are heterogeneous because they can be easily separated, making them easily implemented in continuous processes, allowing for efficient, large scale operations. Due to the limitations of traditional homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, researchers have increasingly investigated hybrid catalysts that incorporate aspects of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. This is accomplished via immobilization of homogeneous catalyst analogues onto solid-phase supports, thereby preserving the activity and selectivity of homogeneous catalysts while allowing for facile recovery and reuse from the insoluble, heterogeneous support. A variety of systems is presented here including organic and organometallic catalysts immobilized on organic and inorganic supports. Five cases are included. The first discusses utilization of supported acid and base catalysts for use in one-pot cascade reactions. The second example illustrates use of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle supported acid catalysts for organic transformations. The third case presents novel polymer brush supported Cobalt-salen catalysts for the enantioselective, hydrolytic kinetic resolution of epoxides. A fourth case presents novel, magnetic polymer brush supported organic and organometallic catalysts for organic transformations. The fifth example illustrates polymer and silica supported ruthenium-salen catalysts for the asymmetric cyclopropanation of olefins. The overall goal of this thesis work is to develop novel supports and immobilization techniques to advance the field of hybrid organic/inorganic catalysts for the production of fine chemical and pharmaceutical intermediates.Ph.D.Committee Chair: Jones, Christopher; Committee Member: Agrawal, Pradeep; Committee Member: Teja, Amyn; Committee Member: Weck, Marcus; Committee Member: Zhang, Joh

Wordsworth's "Salisbury Plain": an edition of three texts with an essay on their place in the development of his poetry

The thesis is in two parts. The first consists of an edition of the three poems which grew from Wordsworth's experiences on Salisbury plain in 1793. The texts are prefaced by two chapters. The first records the history of the composition of A Night on Salisbury Plain (1793-1795), Adventures on Salisbury Plain (1795-1799) and Guilt and Sorrow (1841-1842) and discusses the nature of Wordsworth's developing conception of the poems. The second describes the manuscripts involved and discusses problems of dating and composition. The texts follow. In the case of the two early poems the text established is that of the earliest complete version, taken from manuscript. In an apparatus crlticus all manuscript revision is recorded. In the case of Guilt and Sorrow the text is that of the first published version, 1842, with an apparatus criticus of all later variants to 1850, the date of the poet's last authorised edition. Supporting material concerning other manuscript work of interest and a possible source for part of Adventures on Salisbury Plain is given in appendices. The second part of the thesis examines the poems and their place in the development of Wordsworth's art as seen from two points of view. The first traces the growth of Wordsworth's ideas on the relationship of man to his world. A movement is followed from A Night on Salisbury Plain where this relationship is conceived in social and political terms only, to The Ruined Cottage where it is conceived in quasi-mystical or philosophic terms. Adventures on Salisbury Plain is seen as the vital transitional poem for here Wordsworth changes the focus of his interest from man the social, political being to man the solitary being who has to come to terms not only with alien social conditions but with himself and his relation to his fellow men. The second point of view sees Wordsworth's development as shaped in part by the need to solve certain problems inherent in didactic writing. The problems are outlined in an introduction and in a study of a passage from An Evening. Walk which suggest the kind of relationship necessary in any didactic work between the poet and the raw materials of his 'message', the imaginative world he creates to project this, and the reader and the world of his own experience and judgment which he brings to bear on the poem. The poems are then examined as evidence of the way in which Wordsworth repeatedly tried to establish the right relationship. The Salisbury Plain are valuable because of the way they make the issues clear to Wordsworth: The Ruined Cottage because of a successful discovery of form, in which the poet can take an acceptable role in his own poem, parallel to the role adopted by the reader

Force-insensitive optical cavity

We describe a rigidly-mounted optical cavity which is insensitive to inertial forces acting in any direction and to the compressive force used to constrain it. The design is based on a cubic geometry with four supports placed symmetrically about the optical axis in a tetrahedral configuration. To measure the inertial force sensitivity, a laser is locked to the cavity while it is inverted about three orthogonal axes. The maximum acceleration sensitivity is 2.5\times10^-11/g (where g=9.81 ms^-2), the lowest passive sensitivity to be reported for an optical cavity.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, journa

Group‐Focused Counseling: Classifying the Essential Skills

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89577/1/j.2164-4918.1982.tb00669.x.pd