Estimação de magnitude do estresse, pelos alunos de graduação, quanto ao cuidado de enfermagem Estimación de magnitud de estrés frente a los cuidados de enfermería Magnitude estimation of stress in view of nursing care

Estresse é definido como uma resposta fisiológica, psicológica e comportamental de um indivíduo que procura adaptar-se e ajustar-se às pressões internas e externas. O objetivo foi verificar o estresse do aluno de enfermagem frente aos cuidados realizados. Utilizamos métodos psicofísicos diretos, escala de razão e emparelhamento intermodal. A amostra constou de 15 discentes, matriculados no 3º semestre de enfermagem de uma instituição de ensino. Foi realizada a validação psicofísica da escala de razão dos cuidados de enfermagem através do método de emparelhamento intermodal. Os dados foram coletados usando-se questionário com 15 cuidados de enfermagem, em que a tarefa do aluno consistia em estimar um número a cada cuidado que fosse proporcional à quantidade de estresse que essa proporciona ao ser executada. Obteve-se, como resultado, que a sondagem vesical de demora é considerada o cuidado mais estressante, e que a verificação de temperatura foi considerado o cuidado menos estressante. É necessário a continuidade dos estudos, oferecendo outras comparações e com outras amostras de população.<br>Estrés es definido como una respuesta fisiológica, psicológica y comportamental de un individuo que procura adaptarse y ajustarse a las presiones internas y externas. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la percepción del estrés del alumno de enfermería frente al cuidado realizado en el hospital. Fueron utilizados métodos psicofísicos directos, escala de razón y método de emparejamiento intermodal. La muestra fue constituida por 15 alumnos, matriculados en el 3º semestre de enfermería de una institución de enseñanza. Fue efectuada validación psicofísica de la escala de razón del cuidado de enfermería a través del método de emparejamiento intermodal. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante un cuestionario con 15 cuidados de enfermería realizados en el hospital, en que la tarea representaba estimar un número para cada cuidado que fuese proporcional a la cantidad de estrés proporcionada en su ejecución. Se obtuvo como resultado que el sondaje vesical permanente es considerado el cuidado más estresante, seguido del sondaje vesical temporal, y que la verificación de la temperatura fue considerada el cuidado menos estresante. Es necesaria la continuidad de los estudios, ofreciendo otras comparaciones y con otras muestras de población.<br>Stress is defined as the physiological, psychological and behavioral response of an individual attempting to adapt to internal and external pressure. This study aimed at observing how nursing students perceive stress in view of the care delivered in hospitals. Direct psychophysical methods, ratio scale and cross-modality matching were used. The sample consisted of 15 students registered in the third term of a nursing program. The ratio scale for nursing care was subject to psychophysical validation through the cross-modality matching method. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire containing 15 types of nursing care delivered at hospitals, in which the task consisted in estimating a number for each type, which would be proportional to the amount of stress caused during its performance. Results showed that permanent vesical probing is considered the most stressful type of care, followed by relief vesical probing, and that temperature taking was regarded as the least stressful technique. There is a need for further study, through other comparisons and with other population samples

Effect of vitamin E levels on the cell-mediated immunity of broilers vaccinated against coccidiosis

Studies on the relationships between animal nutrition and immunity have sought reliable methodologies to measure responses. Cell-mediated immune response is similarly studied in humans. The cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity test (CBH) is one of the methods to measure that response and consists in the infiltration of inflammatory cells, particularly of lymphocytes and basophils, as result of the application of substances capable of inducing cell proliferation in determined sites, such as wings, wattle, and interdigital space in birds. CBH is considered a simple and fast method and can be applied in birds of different ages. In immunocompetence studies with poultry, phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) is a commonly used substance, despite the variability of the response related to the method of application (intradermal injection) and the antigens used. In the present experiment, PHA-P was used to observe the cell-mediated immune response of 216 chicks fed three dietary levels of vitamin E from 1 to 36 days of age. All birds were immunologically challenged by vaccination against coccidiosis at three days of age and against Newcastle Disease (NCD) at 14 and 30 days of age. At 36 days of age, birds were submitted to the CBH test according to the methodology of Corrier & DeLoach (1990). Birds fed 65mg/kg of vitamin E presented lasting cell reaction (p<0.08), which indicates that this vitamin E level improved cell immune response of birds due to its antioxidant and immunomodulating properties. The use of this vitamin E level can be considered by nutritionists under practical conditions, aiming to improve broiler immunity