Handling Time and Bite Mass Mechanisms in Large Herbivores: Contrasts between Sward Structure and Grazing Methods

Grazing is a time-dependent process where jaw movements of prehension, handling and chewing compete with them (Laca et al. 1994; Ungar et al. 2006). The grazing efficiency is dependent of bite mass and time per bite. Bite mass has been related to sward structure by forage height, structural components (Cangiano et al. 2002). In rotational stocking this effect becomes more pronounced, especially under high grazing down levels. Consequently, there is a progressive reduction in short-term intake rate (Fonseca et al. in press). New management targets should be proposed based on the predominant influence of sward structure in short-term intake rate by grazing animals (Carvalho et al. 2007). We hypothesise that intake potential of animals grazing tropical pastures will be reduced due to higher constraints in bite formation when compared to temperate pastures. This study aimed to investigate the intake process of heifers under the influence of different sward heights and grazing down levels in two contrasting - tropical and temperate - forage species

Útero Didelfo

Defeitos de desenvolvimento dos ductos de Müller ocorrem em 5-6% das mulheres e têm diferentes apresentações. A associação entre essas anormalidades e malformações do trato urinário é bem estabelecida e, possivelmente, tem sua explicação na origem embrionária mesodérmica comum dos dois sistemas.  O útero didelfo (dois corpos, dois colos e duas vaginas) pode se apresentar com septo vaginal completo e agenesia renal. Essa anomalia mülleriana rara, usualmente se apresenta após a menarca com dor abdominal cíclica, leucorréia ou massa paravaginal. Tende a não ser reconhecida prontamente, pois a hemivagina patente permite menstruações regulares e intercurso sexual, sendo necessário um alto grau de suspeita para um pronto diagnóstico.  Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 18 anos com dor pélvica cíclica, secreção vaginal e história de quatro cirurgias prévias, sem diagnóstico definitivo e sem resolução dos sintomas. O diagnóstico inicial da malformação mülleriana foi confirmado por ressonância nuclear magnética. A paciente foi tratada com ressecção do septo vaginal longitudinal, que expôs o outro colo uterino, ampliou a vagina e resolveu os sintomas da paciente

Baropodometry on women suffering from chronic pelvic pain - a cross-sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previous studies have associated chronic pelvic pain with a stereotyped pattern of movement and posture, lack of normal body sensations, a characteristic pain distribution. We aimed at evaluating if these postural changes are detectable in baropodometry results in patients with chronic pelvic pain.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a prospective study in a university hospital. We selected 32 patients suffering from chronic pelvic pain (study group) and 30 women without this pathology (regular gynecological work out - control group). Pain scores and baropodometric analysis were performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>As expected, study group presented higher pain scores than control group. Study and control groups presented similar averages for the maximum pressures to the left and right soles as well as soles supports in the forefeet and hind feet. Women suffering from chronic pelvic pain did not present differences in baropodometric analysis when compared to healthy controls.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This data demonstrates that postural abnormalities resulting from CPP could not be demonstrated by baropodometric evaluation. Other postural measures should be addressed to evaluate pelvic pain patients.</p