212 research outputs found
Simple model of the static exchange-correlation kernel of a uniform electron gas with long-range electron-electron interaction
A simple approximate expression in real and reciprocal spaces is given for
the static exchange-correlation kernel of a uniform electron gas interacting
with the long-range part only of the Coulomb interaction. This expression
interpolates between the exact asymptotic behaviors of this kernel at small and
large wave vectors which in turn requires, among other thing, information from
the momentum distribution of the uniform electron gas with the same interaction
that have been calculated in the G0W0 approximation. This exchange-correlation
kernel as well as its complement analogue associated to the short-range part of
the Coulomb interaction are more local than the Coulombic exchange-correlation
kernel and constitute potential ingredients in approximations for recent
adiabatic connection fluctuation-dissipation and/or density functional theory
approaches of the electronic correlation problem based on a separate treatment
of long-range and short-range interaction effects.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Disorder-Induced Resistive Anomaly Near Ferromagnetic Phase Transitions
We show that the resistivity rho(T) of disordered ferromagnets near, and
above, the Curie temperature T_c generically exhibits a stronger anomaly than
the scaling-based Fisher-Langer prediction. Treating transport beyond the
Boltzmann description, we find that within mean-field theory, d\rho/dT exhibits
a |T-T_c|^{-1/2} singularity near T_c. Our results, being solely due to
impurities, are relevant to ferromagnets with low T_c, such as SrRuO3 or
diluted magnetic semiconductors, whose mobility near T_c is limited by
disorder.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; V2: with a few clarifications, as publishe
Bosonization of interacting fermions in arbitrary dimension beyond the Gaussian approximation
We use our recently developed functional bosonization approach to bosonize
interacting fermions in arbitrary dimension beyond the Gaussian
approximation. Even in the finite curvature of the energy dispersion at
the Fermi surface gives rise to interactions between the bosons. In higher
dimensions scattering processes describing momentum transfer between different
patches on the Fermi surface (around-the-corner processes) are an additional
source for corrections to the Gaussian approximation. We derive an explicit
expression for the leading correction to the bosonized Hamiltonian and the
irreducible self-energy of the bosonic propagator that takes the finite
curvature as well as around-the-corner processes into account. In the special
case that around-the-corner scattering is negligible, we show that the
self-energy correction to the Gaussian propagator is negligible if the
dimensionless quantities are
small compared with unity for all patches . Here is the cutoff
of the interaction in wave-vector space, is the Fermi wave-vector,
is the chemical potential, is the usual dimensionless Landau
interaction-parameter, and is the {\it{local}} density of
states associated with patch . We also show that the well known
cancellation between vertex- and self-energy corrections in one-dimensional
systems, which is responsible for the fact that the random-phase approximation
for the density-density correlation function is exact in , exists also in
, provided (1) the interaction cutoff is small compared with
, and (2) the energy dispersion is locally linearized at the Fermi the
Fermi surface. Finally, we suggest a new systematic method to calculate
corrections to the RPA, which is based on the perturbative calculation of the
irreducible bosonic self-energy arising from the non-Gaussian terms of the
bosonized Hamiltonian.Comment: The abstract has been rewritten. No major changes in the text
The on-top pair-correlation density in the homogeneous electron liquid
The ladder theory, in which the Bethe-Goldstone equation for the effective
potential between two scattering particles plays a central role, is well known
for its satisfactory description of the short-range correlations in the
homogeneous electron liquid. By solving exactly the Bethe-Goldstone equation in
the limit of large transfer momentum between two scattering particles, we
obtain accurate results for the on-top pair-correlation density , in both
three dimensions and two dimensions. Furthermore, we prove, in general, the
ladder theory satisfies the cusp condition for the pair-correlation density
at zero distance .Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Negative Electron-electron Drag Between Narrow Quantum Hall Channels
Momentum transfer due to Coulomb interaction between two parallel,
two-dimensional, narrow, and spatially separated layers, when a current
I_{drive} is driven through one layer, is studied in the presence of a
perpendicular magnetic field B. The current induced in the drag layer,
I_{drag}, is evaluated self-consistently with I_{drive} as a parameter.
I_{drag} can be positive or negative depending on the value of the filling
factor \nu of the highest occupied bulk Landau level (LL). For a fully occupied
LL, I_{drag} is negative, i.e., it flows opposite to I_{drive}, whereas it is
positive for a half-filled LL. When the circuit is opened in the drag layer, a
voltage \Delta V_{drag} develops in it; it is negative for a half-filled LL and
positive for a fully occupied LL. This positive \Delta V_{drag}, expressing a
negative Coulomb drag, results from energetically favored near-edge inter-LL
transitions that occur when the highest occupied bulk LL and the LL just above
it become degenerate.Comment: Text file in Latex/Revtex/preprint format, 7 separate PS figures,
Physical Review B, in pres
Nucleus-Electron Model for States Changing from a Liquid Metal to a Plasma and the Saha Equation
We extend the quantal hypernetted-chain (QHNC) method, which has been proved
to yield accurate results for liquid metals, to treat a partially ionized
plasma. In a plasma, the electrons change from a quantum to a classical fluid
gradually with increasing temperature; the QHNC method applied to the electron
gas is in fact able to provide the electron-electron correlation at arbitrary
temperature. As an illustrating example of this approach, we investigate how
liquid rubidium becomes a plasma by increasing the temperature from 0 to 30 eV
at a fixed normal ion-density . The electron-ion
radial distribution function (RDF) in liquid Rb has distinct inner-core and
outer-core parts. Even at a temperature of 1 eV, this clear distinction remains
as a characteristic of a liquid metal. At a temperature of 3 eV, this
distinction disappears, and rubidium becomes a plasma with the ionization 1.21.
The temperature variations of bound levels in each ion and the average
ionization are calculated in Rb plasmas at the same time. Using the
density-functional theory, we also derive the Saha equation applicable even to
a high-density plasma at low temperatures. The QHNC method provides a procedure
to solve this Saha equation with ease by using a recursive formula; the charge
population of differently ionized species are obtained in Rb plasmas at several
temperatures. In this way, it is shown that, with the atomic number as the only
input, the QHNC method produces the average ionization, the electron-ion and
ion-ion RDF's, and the charge population which are consistent with the atomic
structure of each ion for a partially ionized plasma.Comment: 28 pages(TeX) and 11 figures (PS
Structure Factor and Electronic Structure of Compressed Liquid Rubidium
We have applied the quantal hypernetted-chain equations in combination with
the Rosenfeld bridge-functional to calculate the atomic and the electronic
structure of compressed liquid-rubidium under high pressure (0.2, 2.5, 3.9, and
6.1 GPa); the calculated structure factors are in good agreement with
experimental results measured by Tsuji et al. along the melting curve. We found
that the Rb-pseudoatom remains under these high pressures almost unchanged with
respect to the pseudoatom at room pressure; thus, the effective ion-ion
interaction is practically the same for all pressure-values. We observe that
all structure factors calculated for this pressure-variation coincide almost
into a single curve if wavenumbers are scaled in units of the Wigner-Seitz
radius although no corresponding scaling feature is observed in the
effective ion-ion interaction.This scaling property of the structure factors
signifies that the compression in liquid-rubidium is uniform with increasing
pressure; in absolute Q-values this means that the first peak-position ()
of the structure factor increases proportionally to ( being the
specific volume per ion), as was experimentally observed by Tsuji et al.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figure
Analytic structure factors and pair-correlation functions for the unpolarized homogeneous electron gas
We propose a simple and accurate model for the electron static structure
factors (and corresponding pair-correlation functions) of the 3D unpolarized
homogeneous electron gas. Our spin-resolved pair-correlation function is built
up with a combination of analytic constraints and fitting procedures to quantum
Monte Carlo data, and, in comparison to previous attempts (i) fulfills more
known integral and differential properties of the exact pair-correlation
function, (ii) is analytic both in real and in reciprocal space, and (iii)
accurately interpolates the newest, extensive diffusion-Monte Carlo data of
Ortiz, Harris and Ballone [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 5317 (1999)]. This can be of
interest for the study of electron correlations of real materials and for the
construction of new exchange and correlation energy density functionals.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Experimental study of dense pyroclastic density currents using sustained, gas-fluidized granular flows
© 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. We present the results of laboratory experiments on the behaviour of sustained, dense granular flows in a horizontal flume, in which high-gas pore pressure was maintained throughout the flow duration by continuous injection of gas through the flume base. The flows were fed by a sustained (0.5–30 s) supply of fine (75 ± 15 μm) particles from a hopper; the falling particles impacted an impingement surface at concentrations of ~3 to 45 %, where they densified rapidly to generate horizontally moving, dense granular flows. When the gas supplied through the flume base was below the minimum fluidization velocity of the particles (i.e. aerated flow conditions), three flow phases were identified: (i) an initial dilute spray of particles travelling at 1–2 m s−1, followed by (ii) a dense granular flow travelling at 0.5–1 m s−1, then by (iii) sustained aggradation of the deposit by a prolonged succession of thin flow pulses. The maximum runout of the phase 2 flow was linearly dependent on the initial mass flux, and the frontal velocity had a square-root dependence on mass flux. The frontal propagation speed during phase 3 had a linear relationship with mass flux. The total mass of particles released had no significant control on either flow velocity or runout in any of the phases. High-frequency flow unsteadiness during phase 3 generated deposit architectures with progradational and retrogradational packages and multiple internal erosive contacts. When the gas supplied through the flume base was equal to the minimum fluidization velocity of the particles (i.e. fluidized flow conditions), the flows remained within phase 2 for their entire runout, no deposit formed and the particles ran off the end of the flume. Sustained granular flows differ significantly from instantaneous flows generated by lock-exchange mechanisms, in that the sustained flows generate (by prolonged progressive aggradation) deposits that are much thicker than the flowing layer of particles at any given moment. The experiments offer a first attempt to investigate the physics of the sustained pyroclastic flows that generate thick, voluminous ignimbrites
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