Evaluation of the activity of CYP2C19 in Gujrati and Marwadi subjects living in Mumbai (Bombay)

BACKGROUND: Inherited differences in the metabolism and disposition of drugs, and genetic polymorphisms in the targets of drug therapy (e.g., receptors), can greatly influence efficacy and toxicity of medications. Marked interethnic differences in CYP2C19 (a member of the cytochrome P-450 enzyme superfamily catalyzing phase I drug metabolism) which affects the metabolism of a number of clinically important drugs have been documented. The present study evaluated the activity of CYP2C19 in normal, healthy Gujrati and Marwadi subjects by phenotyping (a western Indian population). METHODS: All subjects received 20 mg of omeprazole, which was followed by blood collection at 3 hrs to estimate the metabolic ratio of omeprazole to 5-hydroxyomeprazole. The analysis was done by HPLC. RESULTS: It was seen that 10.36% of this population were poor metabolizers(PM) whereas 89.63% were extensive metabolizers(EM). CONCLUSION: A genotyping evaluation would better help in identifying population specific genotypes and thus help individualize drug therapy

Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: A greenhouse trial.

An in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the compatibility of indigenous plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with commonly used inorganic and organic sources of fertilizers in tea plantations. The nitrogenous, phosphatic and potash fertilizers used for this study were urea, rock phosphate and muriate of potash, respectively. The organic sources of fertilizers neem cake, composted coir pith and vermicompost were also used. PGPRs such as nitrogen fixer; Azospirillum lipoferum, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB); Pseudomonas putida, Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria (KSB); Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas putida were used for compatibility study. Results were indicated that PGPRs preferred the coir pith and they proved their higher colony establishment in the formulation except Azospirillum spp. that preferred vermicompost for their establishment. The optimum dose of neem cake powder

The interstitium in cardiac repair: role of the immune-stromal cell interplay

Cardiac regeneration, that is, restoration of the original structure and function in a damaged heart, differs from tissue repair, in which collagen deposition and scar formation often lead to functional impairment. In both scenarios, the early-onset inflammatory response is essential to clear damaged cardiac cells and initiate organ repair, but the quality and extent of the immune response vary. Immune cells embedded in the damaged heart tissue sense and modulate inflammation through a dynamic interplay with stromal cells in the cardiac interstitium, which either leads to recapitulation of cardiac morphology by rebuilding functional scaffolds to support muscle regrowth in regenerative organisms or fails to resolve the inflammatory response and produces fibrotic scar tissue in adult mammals. Current investigation into the mechanistic basis of homeostasis and restoration of cardiac function has increasingly shifted focus away from stem cell-mediated cardiac repair towards a dynamic interplay of cells composing the less-studied interstitial compartment of the heart, offering unexpected insights into the immunoregulatory functions of cardiac interstitial components and the complex network of cell interactions that must be considered for clinical intervention in heart diseases

Structural, elastic, optoelectronic and magnetic properties of CdHo2S4 spinel: a first-principle study

Uvádíme výsledky počítané metodou the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) na strukturálních, elastických, optoelektronických a magnetických vlastnostech spinelu CdHo2S4. Pro modelování korelačních efektů se používá metoda the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), tak metoda Trans-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson potential (TB-mBJ). Vypočtený parametr mřížky, vnitřní souřadnice a objemový modul jsou v souladu s existujícími experimentálními daty. Podle vypočtených modulů pružnosti je CdHo2S4 mechanicky stabilní s tvárnou povahou a výraznou elastickou anizotropií. Feromagnetická fáze CdHo2S4 je energeticky příznivá ve srovnání s nemagnetickou, s vysokým magnetickým momentem asi 8,15 μB. Vypočítaná struktura pásma demonstruje, že sloučenina je polovodičová s přímím zakázaným pásmem. TB-mBJ poskytuje pro skupinu menšinových a většinových spinek zakázaného pásma přibližně -1,86 a -2,17 eV. Vypočítané optické spektra odhalují silnou odezvu v energetickém rozmezí mezi viditelným a extrémním UV světlem.We report the results of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) calculations on the structural, elastic, optoelectronic and magnetic properties of CdHo2S4 spinel. Both the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and Trans-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson potential (TB-mBJ) are used to model the exchange-correlation effects. The computed lattice parameter, internal coordinate and bulk modulus are in good agreement with the existing experimental data. According to the calculated elastic moduli, CdHo2S4 is mechanically stable with a ductile nature and a noticeable elastic anisotropy. The ferromagnetic phase of CdHo2S4 is energetically favourable compared to nonmagnetic one, with a high magnetic moment of about 8.15 μB. The calculated band structure demonstrates that the title compound is a direct band gap semiconductor. The TB-mBJ yields a band gap of ∼1.86 and ∼2.17 eV for the minority and majority spins, respectively. The calculated optical spectra reveal a strong response in the energy range between the visible light and the extreme UV regions