More than meets the gut: A prototype analysis of the lay conceptions of intuition and analysis

Using a prototype approach, we assessed people’s lay conceptions of intuition and analysis. Open-ended descriptions of intuition and analysis were generated by participants (Study 1) and resulting exemplars were sorted into features subsequently rated in centrality by independent participants (Study 2). Feature centrality was validated by showing that participants were quicker and more accurate in classifying central (as compared to peripheral) features (Study 3). Centrality ratings suggested a single-factor structure describing analysis but revealed that participants held lay conceptions of intuition as involving two different types of processes: (1) as an automatic, affective, and non-logical processing, and (2) as a holistic processing that can assist in problem-solving. Additional analyses showed that the centrality ratings of intuition’s facets were predicted by participants’ self-reported intuitive style, suggesting intuition is differently perceived by intuitive and non-intuitive people. We discuss the implications of these results for the study of intuition and analysis.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnolotia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Social presence and the composite face effect

A robust finding in social psychology research is that performance is modulated by the social nature of a given context promoting social inhibition or facilitation effects. In the present experiment, we examined if and how social presence impacts holistic face perception processes by asking participants, in the presence of others and alone, to perform the composite face task. Results suggest that completing the task in the presence of others (i.e., mere co-action) is associated with better performance in face recognition (less bias and higher discrimination between presented and non-presented targets) and with a reduction in the composite face effect. These results make clear that social presence impact on the composite face effect does not occur because presence increases reliance on holistic processing as a "dominant" well-learned response, but instead, because it increases monitoring of the interference produced by automatic response.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Influência e interferência: cruzando dois paradigmas de primação afectiva

Neste artigo, focamos o fenómeno de primação afectiva (impacto de activação prévia de valência afectiva em processamento subsequente), contrastando dois dos principais paradigmas experimentais que lhe dão suporte: interferência e influência. Em dois experimentos, analisámos os dados relativos ao enviesamento de resposta avaliativa e aos tempos de reacção. O Experimento 1 mostra que a apresentação de uma palavra valenciada facilita (interfere) respostas subsequentes congruentes (incongruentes). Analisando também o tipo de resposta dada pelos participantes, verificou-se um maior número de erros nos ensaios incongruentes. O Experimento 2 demonstra o efeito de influência em que imagens-primo induzem julgamentos avaliativos de alvos, previamente neutros, congruentes com a sua valência. O estudo dos tempos de reacção neste paradigma revelou que primos negativos induziam maior rapidez de resposta. Vantagens e desvantagens de ambos os paradigmas são discutidas relativamente à sua relevância para o efeito de primação e para a sua aplicabilidade enquanto medidas implícitas de atitudes

Diseño de la trama urbana y cobertura de las redes de transporte público

Una de las claves en su uso del transporte público es la accesibilidad de la población a las paradas o estaciones. Los planificadores del transporte han buscado siempre localizaciones de paradas y estaciones en espacios con un volumen importante de población residente y/o empleo en su entorno inmediato. En los últimos años, se conjugan también políticas urbanísticas para generar nuevos desarrollos urbanos orientados al uso del transporte público. Se busca potenciar las llamadas 3D: densidad, diversidad de usos y diseño urbano. En esta comunicación el objetivo es analizar cómo influye el diseño de la trama urbana en la cobertura de las redes de transporte público (cantidad de población y el empleo en el entorno próximo de las estaciones). La metodología se apoya en el uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, sobre los que se han diseñado varios tipos de viarios, y para los que miden las superficies cubiertas y las distancias recorridas a estaciones localizadas en el centro de cada uno de ellos. Posteriormente, se hace un ejercicio de simulación donde se ha tomado el Metro de la ciudad de Madrid, y se han superpuesto sobre todas las estaciones de la red cada uno de los viarios tipo. Así, es posible calcular la población y el empleo cubiertos para cada uno de los escenarios tipo y compararla con la cobertura y la calidad de acceso a las estaciones a través del viario real de la ciudad. Al mantenerse fija las distribuciones de población y empleo, las diferencias se explican exclusivamente por el diseño de la trama urbana. Los resultados muestran como viarios orientados las estaciones incrementan notablemente la población y el empleo cubiertos

That person is now with or without a mask: How encoding context modulates identity recognition

Previous research has mostly approached face recognition and target identification by focusing on face perception mechanisms, but memory mechanisms also appear to play a role. Here, we examined how the presence of a mask interferes with the memory mechanisms involved in face recognition, focusing on the dynamic interplay between encoding and recognition processes. We approach two known memory effects: (a) matching study and test conditions effects (i.e., by presenting masked and/or unmasked faces) and (b) testing expectation effects (i.e., knowing in advance that a mask could be put on or taken off). Across three experiments using a yes/no recognition paradigm, the presence of a mask was orthogonally manipulated at the study and the test phases. All data showed no evidence of matching effects. In Experiment 1, the presence of masks either at study or test impaired the correct identification of a target. But in Experiments 2 and 3, in which the presence of masks at study or test was manipulated within participants, only masks presented at test-only impaired face identification. In these conditions, test expectations led participants to use similar encoding strategies to process masked and unmasked faces. Across all studies, participants were more liberal (i.e., used a more lenient criterion) when identifying masked faces presented at the test. We discuss these results and propose that to better understand how people may identify a face wearing a mask, researchers should take into account that memory is an active process of discrimination, in which expectations regarding test conditions may induce an encoding strategy that enables overcoming perceptual deficits

The effect of facial occlusion on facial impressions of trustworthiness and dominance

Recognizing the role that facial appearance plays in guiding social interactions, here we investigated how occlusions of the bottom-face region affect facial impressions of trustworthiness and dominance. Previous studies suggesting that different facial features impact inferences on these traits sustain the hypothesis that wearing a face mask will differently affect each trait inference. And specifically, that trustworthiness impressions will be more disrupted by this type of face occlusion than dominance impressions. In two studies, we addressed this possibility by occluding the bottom face region of faces that were previously shown to convey different levels of dominance and trustworthiness, and tested differences in the ability to discriminate between these trait levels across occlusion conditions. In Study 1 faces were occluded by a mask, and in Study 2 by a square image. In both studies, results showed that although facial occlusions generally reduced participants' confidence on their trait judgments, the ability to discriminate facial trustworthiness was more strongly affected than the ability to discriminate facial dominance. Practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed

Desenvolvimento de Merenda de Beldroega (Portucala oleracea L.)

A inovação alimentar torna-se cada vez mais importante nas sociedades atuais e, como tal, verifica-se que a indústria tem realizado esforços para fazer a diferença nos mercados, tentando ir de encontro com as novas necessidades do público-alvo, pois os consumidores procuram produtos cada vez mais inovadores. Segundo os dados do último Inquérito Alimentar Nacional de 2017 e da Balança Alimentar Portuguesa dos anos 2012 a 2016, verifica-se que a quantidade de hortícolas consumida pelos portugueses é inferior ao recomendado e o consumo de açúcares é muito superior. Estes desequilíbrios na alimentação, juntamente com outros fatores não saudáveis, contribuem para uma elevada percentagem de adultos obesos em Portugal. Assim, desenvolveu-se um produto alimentar inovador para um adulto saudável, cuja ingestão calórica diária seja de 2000 Kcal. O principal foco do produto foi a utilização da beldroega (Portulaca oleracea L.) como potencial alimento funcional e promotor de uma vida saudável, rica em fibra, vitaminas e minerais. Foram realizadas provas hedónicas e análises químicas para a caracterização do produto formulado. Na análise sensorial (provas hedónicas), foi obtida uma classificação de “gostei moderadamente” em todos os parâmetros, numa escala de 1 a 6, e 73,3% dos consumidores considerou adquirir o produto se disponível no mercado. Relativamente às análises laboratoriais químicas, obtiveram-se resultados discrepantes comparativamente aos valores previamente calculados.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio