Losses and Dry Matter Recovery of Pioneiro Grass (\u3cem\u3ePennisetum purpureum\u3c/em\u3e Schumach) and Maize Silages in Mixtures

Forages ensiled with high moisture content produce increased quantities of effluents losing highly digestible nutrients (McDonald 1981). The ensilage process usually involves gaseous and effluent losses which are strictly related to the moisture content of the plants used for conservation. The addition of materials with high dry matter content and materials which improve the fermentation pattern has been an alternative to reduce these effluent losses. The maize plant and maize grain, by their physical and fermentative characteristics, may represent alternatives to reduce the losses in the process (Anaya-Ortega et al. 2009). This work was carried out with the aim to evaluate the effect of whole plant maize and maize grain addition to silages of Pioneiro grass as way to control dry matter losses

Fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular no soro e plasma de cães saudáveis

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor with a key role in physiological and pathological process. It can be measured in several organic fluids, including serum and plasma samples. The aim of this work was to investigate the concentration of serum and plasma VEGF of healthy dogs in order to recommend optimal handling of biological samples for accurate measurement of VEGF. Blood samples of thirty dogs were collected into sterile EDTA tube for plasma analysis and into clot activator tubes for serum analysis. The tubes were centrifuged within 90 minutes of collection at 1400 xg for 10 minutes. VEGF concentration was determined using the quantitative method (ELISA). Serum VEGF level was 26.5 + 13.3pg/mL and plasma VEGF was 11.7 + 16.4 pg/mL (p = 0.0003). There was a positive correlation between serum VEGF and platelets (r = 0.37, p = 0.03) and a negative correlation between serum VEGF and hemoglobin (r = -0.38, p = 0.03) and between plasma VEGF and  hemoglobin (r = -0.34, p = 0.06). When compared with serum samples it was concluded that plasma samples could be used as an optimal fluid for measuring VEGF in dogs.O fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (VEGF) é um fator angiogênico com papel importante em processos patológicos e fisiológicos. O VEGF pode ser quantificado em diversos fluidos orgânicos, incluindo amostras de soro e plasma. O presente trabalho investigou a concentração do VEGF no soro e no plasma de cães saudáveis a fim de recomendar o manejo ótimo de amostras biológicas para a determinação dos níveis do VEGF. Amostras de sangue de 30 cães saudáveis foram coletadas em tubos estéreis contendo EDTA para análise do plasma e em tubos com ativador de coagulação para análise do soro. Os tubos foram centrifugados após 90 minutos da coleta a 1.400 x g por 10 minutos. A concentração do VEGF foi determinada com o método quantitativo de ELISA. O nível sérico médio de VEGF foi de 26,5+13,3pg/mL e o plasmático foi 11,7 + 16.4 pg/mL (p = 0,0003). Houve correlação positiva entre o VEGF do soro com as plaquetas (r = 0,37, p = 0,03) e correlação negativa entre o VEGF do soro com hemoglobina (r = -0,38, p = 0,03) e entre VEGF do plasma com hemoglobina (r = -0,34, p = 0,06). A comparação dos resultado obtidos nos exames de plasma e soro indicou que amostras de plasma podem ser utilizadas como ótimo fluido para quantificação do VEGF de cães

Total Accumulative Losses during the Fermentation of Pioneiro Grass (\u3cem\u3ePennisetum purpureum\u3c/em\u3e Schumach) Silages with Addition of Whole Plant Maize and Maize Grain

Pioneiro grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) has gained importance in silage production mainly due to its robust habit, perenniality and high yield capacity, although its typically high moisture content may influence negatively its potential for ensiled conservation. High moisture content at the time of ensilage has resulted in increased losses by gases and effluents (Balsalobre et al. 2001, Nussio 2005). Despite these losses, the high yields of tropical forages still justifies their use and study as roughage and silage in ruminant nutrition. Although tropical forages present an interesting alternative for conservation, maize silage still has widespread use across different systems because of its set of favorable natural characteristics for fermentation resulting in production of high quality silage (Anaya-Ortega et al. 2009). An experiment was conducted to evaluate the individual and combined effect of maize and Pioneiro grass on the total losses of the silages

Ansiedade, depressão e estresse em pacientes hematológicos crônicos, na pandemia de Covid-19

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Relative Losses of Pioneiro Grass (\u3cem\u3ePennisetum purpureum\u3c/em\u3e Schumach) Silage with Addition of Whole Plant Maize or Maize Grain during Fermentation

Among the forages with potential to be ensiled, tropical forages stand out because of their high yield capacity, being able to produce three times more dry matter than for maize under tropical conditions. Although tropical forages are an interesting alternative for ensilage, their high moisture content may impair the fermentation process, reducing the silage quality. The addition of whole plant maize and maize grain to other grass silages can be an efficient way to reduce the losses involved during the process, specially due to the improvement of the fermentative profile of the silages (Stefanie et al. 2000; Anaya-Ortega et al. 2009). This study aimed to analyze the relative losses from the fermentation of Pioneiro grass silages added or not with whole plant maize and grain maize besides the whole plant maize silage

Changes to the Fermentative Profiles of Pioneiro Grass (\u3cem\u3ePennisetum purpureum\u3c/em\u3e Schumach) and Maize Silages in Different Mixtures after Aerobic Stability

Silages arte widely used in animal production systems to overcome the seasonality of forage production around the world. The preservation of nutritional value of silages depends on the maintenance of an anaerobic environment during the fermentation and storage phases, as well from aerobic stability during the feed out stage (Nussio, 2005). Aerobic exposure usually promotes intense activity of fungi, yeast and aerobic bacteria. If the time of aerobic exposure is long enough, huge changes can happen in the chemical composition of the silages affecting negatively their nutritional value. These changes can be followed by decreasing lactic acid concentration and increasing pH, temperature and ammonia nitrogen (Addah et al. 2011). The present work was carried out to evaluate the levels of ammonia nitrogen, pH, buffer capacity and electric conductivity in silages of Pioneiro grass and maize in different mixtures at silo opening and during the first 7 and 14 days of aerobic exposure

Eugenol dosages in the anesthetic induction of Amazonian Tambaqui under different temperatures/ Dosagens de eugenol na indução anestésica do tambaqui da Amazônia sob diferentes temperaturas

Ponds for fish farming in the Amazon Region have warm waters that require adjustments in the anesthetic management adopted for tropical fish species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anesthetic behavior of tambaquis (Colossoma macropomum) submitted to two eugenol concentrations (26.5 and 53.0 mg.L-1) at water temperatures of 27 and 31°C. In this study were used 20 fishes weighing 982 ± 199g in five replicates, individually sedated at predetermined eugenol concentrations in a temperature-controlled tank. The results showed that the fishes presented significant temporal differences (p≤0.05) in the period between deep anesthesia (00min:40sec) and recovery (02min:35sec) at the temperature of 31°C. The anesthetic effect at the dose of 53.0 mg.L-1, regardless of temperature (27 or 31°C), was similar (p ≥ 0.05) to the anesthetic effect at the water temperature of 31°C at the dose of 26.5 mg.L-1. Therefore, it was more efficient (p ≤ 0.05) for the shorter latency period for deep anesthesia. Within this context, temperature influenced the anesthetic effect and dose in tambaqui individuals

Produção de milho em um sistema agropastoril, na região semi-árido do Nordeste do Brasil.

0 estudo foi conduzido em um sistema agropastoril na Embrapa Caprinos em Sobral, CE, Brasil, no periodo de 1998 a 2002. Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, avaliar a sustentabilidade da produçao de milho, atraves da incorporaçao da folhagem da leucena, na forma de adubaçao verde. Foram avaliados tres sistemas de produçao, 0 agropastoril, 0 tradicional e 0 sistema pilato. 0 delineamento experimental utilizado foi 0 inteiramente casualizado, com tres tratamentos e cinco repetiçoes. Houve efeito (P0,05) dos sistemas agropastoril e tradicional nas produçoes de milho, mas estes diferiram (P<0,05) do sistema pilato. As produçoes medias de milho foram de 1.299, 1.360 e 542 kg/ha/ano para os sistemas agropastoril, tradicional e pilato, respectivamente. Em termos de produçao agricola, a eficiencia do sistema agropastoril, avaliado como produçao de grao de milho por area plantada, e 140% superior ao sistema pilato e 570% ao sistema tradicional. No sistema agropastoril, a ciclagem de carbono e nutrientes representa, juntamente com a adubaçao verde, as principais contribuiçoes para o uso eficiente dos nutrientes e para a sustentabilidade da produçao de milho

Composição químico-bromatológica da silagem de Tanzânia com niveis de farelo de trigo.

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o melhor nível de inclusão do farelo de trigo na silagem de capim tanzânia com base nos parâmetros químico- bromatológicos. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental da Escola de Medicina Veterinária da UFBA. Os tratamentos foram compostos por capim tanzânia (CT) cortado aos 46 dias, picado e acrescido de 8%; 16%; 24%; e 34% de farelo de trigo (FT), além do tratamento sem farelo adicional. Após a mistura, o material foi compactado em silos experimentais, que foram abertos após 60 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de regressão. A adição de farelo de trigo melhorou os parâmetros químicos bromatológicos da silagem, elevando os teores de matéria seca e carboidratos não fibrosos, e reduzindo os níveis da porção fibrosa