Color de aceites de oliva virgen extra enriquecidos con carotenoides procedentes de microalgas: influencia de la exposición a la radiación ultravioleta y al calentamiento

A carotenoid-rich extract containing 2.5 mg/mL of lutein and 3.3 mg/mL of β-carotene from the microalga Scenedesmus almeriensis was added to ten extra virgin olive oils from four Spanish cultivars with differing degrees of ripeness, obtaining carotenoid enriched oils with lutein and β-carotene concentrations of 0.082 and 0.11 mg/mL, respectively. Extra virgin olive oils enriched with carotenoids from microalgae were studied by analyzing the effect on color of three different treatments: ultraviolet exposure, microwave heating and immersion bath heating. The methodology was designed to simulate, in controlled laboratory conditions, the effects of household treatments. Spectrophotometric color measurements were then performed to monitor color changes in the enriched and non-enriched extra virgin olive oil samples. Enriched oils are much more chromatic, darker and redder than natural oils. After 55 days UV irradiation, 40 min microwave heating, and 72 hours thermostatic heating, the average color differences for natural/enriched extra virgin olive oils were 98/117, 15/9 and 57/28 CIELAB units, respectively. In general, increasing temperature and ultraviolet exposure produced higher CIELAB color differences in the non-enriched samples. The addition of microalga extracts to extra virgin olive oils was found to induce some color stability and may constitute a future way of increasing the daily intake of beneficial bioactive compounds such as carotenoids.Añadimos un extracto rico en carotenoides, que contiene 2,5 mg/mL de luteína y 3,3 mg/mL de β-caroteno, procedente de la microalga Scenedesmus almeriensis, a diez aceites de oliva virgen extra de cuatro variedades con diferentes grados de maduración, obteniéndose aceites enriquecidos en carotenoides con concentraciones de luteína y β-caroteno de 0,082 y 0,11 mg/mL respectivamente. Se han estudiado aceites de oliva virgen extra enriquecidos con carotenoides procedentes de microalgas, estudiando el efecto producido sobre el color de los mismos como consecuencia de irradiación ultravioleta, calentamiento en microondas y en baño termostático, reproduciendo en el laboratorio los efectos de los tratamientos domésticos. Se ha determinado el color para monitorizar los cambios de las muestras control y enriquecidas de los diferentes aceites. Los aceites enriquecidos son mucho más cromáticos, oscuros y rojizos que los naturales. Tras 55 días de irradiación UV, 40 minutos de calentamiento por microondas y 72 horas de calentamiento termostático, las diferencias medias de color para los aceites de oliva virgen extra naturales/enriquecidos fueron de 98/117, 15/9 y 57/28 unidades CIELAB, respectivamente. En término generales, el incremento en la temperatura y la exposición a la radiación ultravioleta produce diferencias de color más grandes en las muestras no enriquecidas. El enriquecimiento de los aceites virgen extra con extractos procedentes de microalgas, induce estabilidad en el color y puede constituir una vía para incrementar la ingesta diaria de compuestos bioactivos beneficiosos como son los carotenoides

Circadian rhythms of plant water indicators in citrus

[SPA] El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar los ritmos diarios de indicadores del estado hídrico de la planta, para la programación del riego de: (I) limeros (Citrus latifolia Tan., cv. Bearss) jóvenes cultivados al aire libre y bajo malla de sombreo, y (II) pomelos (Citrus paradisi Macf., cv. Star Ruby) adultos regados con agua de diferente calidad: agua del trasvase (CE≈1 dS/m) y agua salina regenerada (CE≈3,5 dS/m). Los indicadores mostraron un ritmo circadiano similar en todas las condiciones ensayadas. Los limeros cultivados bajo malla de sombreo presentaron una mayor conductancia estomática y fotosíntesis neta que los cultivados al aire libre. El potencial hídrico de tallo y la temperatura de copa fueron similares en ambas condiciones. Los pomelos regados con agua salina regenerada mostraron valores más bajos de intercambio gaseoso y potencial hídrico de tallo, y una temperatura de copa mayor. En conclusión, las condiciones de sombreo afectaron de forma significativa al intercambio gaseoso, favoreciendo la absorción de CO2. Las plantas regadas con agua regenerada salina mostraron un peor estado hídrico, resultado de que la alta concentración de sales presente en el suelo dificultó la absorción de agua por la planta. [ENG] The main objective of the work was to evaluate the diurnal courses of plant water status indicators for precision irrigation of: (I) young lime trees (Citrus latifolia Tan., cv. Bearss) grown under two growing conditions: open air and shade net, and (II) adult grapefruit trees (Citrus paradisi Macf., cv. Star Ruby) irrigated with two different quality water: Tagus-Segura transfer water (EC≈1 dS/m) and regenerated saline water (EC≈3.5 dS/m). Plant water status indicators showed circadian rhythms in all the studied conditions. Lime plants cultivated under shading net presented higher stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis than plants cultivated in the open air. Slight differences were found in stem water potential and canopy temperature between both cropping conditions. Grapefruit plants irrigated with regenerated saline water showed lower values of gas exchange and stem water potential, and a higher canopy temperature. In conclusion, the shading conditions significantly affected the stem water potential and gas exchange, favouring the absorption of CO2. Plants irrigated with saline regenerated water showed a worse water status as a result of the high concentration of salts in the soil, which made water absorption by the plant difficult.Este trabajo ha sido financiado con proyectos del Plan Nacional AEI-Fondos FEDER-UE (AGL2016-77282-C03-1R) y de la fundación Séneca de la Región de Murcia (19903/GERM/15)

Traumatic arteriovenous fistula as consequence of TMJ arthroscopic surgery: a case report

The ocurrence of a traumatic arteriovenous fistula after arthroscopic surgery of TMJ represents an extremely rare event. Specifically, this uncommon complication has been described only in a few case reports. In this light, the most frequent symptoms showed by this disease are thrills, bruits, pulsatile tinnitus, and an expansible vascular mass. Importantly, the severity of these symptoms is also dependent on the vessels involved. With regard to the management, is important to note that the vessel ligation with surgery as well as vessel emolization with endovascular procedures have been shown to be effective in the treatment of these cases. In view of that, the present study describes a case of superficial temporal arteriovenous fistula that arose as a postoperative complication of a bilateral arthroscopic eminoplasty of TMJ. The aim of the present report is to characterize this rare syndrome with the goal of proposing suitable treatments

Jaw osteonecrosis management around a dental implant inserted 2 years before starting treatment with zoledronic acid

Bisphosphonates (BP) are a type of drug known to inhibit bone resorption through complex interventions. Their primary mechanism of action is aimed at the cellular level, inhibiting osteoclast activity and so bone resorption. BPs are widely used, with many patients receiving continuous treatment for years. But it is well known that these drugs can produce osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Zoledronic acid (ZA) is an intravenous BP used in the treatment and prophylaxis of bone disease in patients with malignant tumors with bone implication. ZA is the most potent BP in clinical development. This report describes the case of a 62-year-old woman with breast cancer antecedents which relapsed, who had received a maxillary dental implant two years before the start of therapy with zoledronic acid. She later developed osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), which began in the peri-implant area, and was treated for stage 3 ONJ by sub-total maxillectom

Donor Centers and Absorption Spectra in Quantum Dots

We have studied the electronic properties and optical absorption spectra of three different cases of donor centers, D^{0}, D^{-} and D^{2-}, which are subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field, using the exact diagonalization method. The energies of the lowest lying states are obtained as function of the applied magnetic field strength B and the distance zeta between the positive ion and the confinement xy-plane. Our calculations indicate that the positive ion induces transitions in the ground-state, which can be observed clearly in the absorption spectra, but as zeta goes to 0 the strength of the applied magnetic field needed for a transition to occur tends to infinity.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, REVTeX 4, gzipped tar fil

Real world preventative drug management of migraine among Spanish neurologists

BACKGROUND: Many different preventatives have showed efficacy in the treatment of migraine. National guidelines differ in their recommendations and patients' characteristics are usually taken into account in their selection. In Spain, real life use of preventive therapies seems to be heterogeneous. We aimed to evaluate differences in clinical practice and adherence to national guidelines among Spanish neurologists. METHODS: Observational descriptive study. A survey was conducted among neurologists ascribed to the Spanish Society of Neurology. Participants were differentiated in accordance with their dedication to headache disorders. We analysed socio-demographic parameters and evaluated 43 questions considering migraine management as well as therapeutic choices regarding migraine sub-types and finally, neurologists' personal perception. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-five neurologists participated from 17 different regions, 43.4% of them female and 53.3% under 40¿years of age. 34.9% confirmed headache disorders as their main interest. The first choice for preventive therapy in chronic migraine among participants was topiramate (57%) followed by amytriptiline (17.9%) and beta-blockers (14.6%). However in episodic migraine, the preferred options were beta-blockers (47.7%), topiramate (21.5%) and amytriptiline (13.4%). Regarding perceived efficacy, topiramate was considered the best option in chronic migraine (42.7%) followed by onabotulinumtoxinA (25.5%) and amitryptiline (22.4%). Where episodic migraine was concerned, surveyed neurologists perceived topiramate (43.7%) and beta-blockers (30.3%) as the best options. When we evaluated the duration of treatment use with a view to adequate therapeutic response, 43.5% of neurologists preferred 3¿months duration and 39.5% were in favour of 6¿months duration in episodic migraine. However, considering the preferred duration of treatment use in chronic migraine, 20.4% recommended 3¿months, 42.1% preferred 6¿months and 12.5% and 22.4% opted for 9 and 12¿months respectively. When considering onabotulinumtoxinA therapy, the number of prior therapeutic failures was zero in 7.2% of neurologists, one in 5.9%, two in 44.1%, three in 30.9% and four or more in 11.9%. Following an initial treatment failure with onabotulinumtoxinA, 49% of subjects decided against a second treatment. The number of OnabotA procedures before considering it as ineffective was two in 18.9% of neurologists, three in 70.8% and four in 10.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The initial management of migraine among Spanish Neurologists is in line with most guidelines, where first choice preventative drugs are concerned. The Management of episodic migraine differed from chronic migraine, both in terms of neurologist preference and in their perceived efficacy

Efecto del déficit hídrico en postcosecha de limeros

Comunicación presentada al XXXVII Congreso Nacional de Riegos, celebrado en Don Benito del 4 al 6 de Junio de 2019 y organizada por la Asociación Española de Riegos y Drenajes y la Universidad de ExtremaduraEn el trabajo se evalúa la capacidad para detectar el estrés de diferentes indicadores de estado hídrico en limeros (Citrus latifolia Tan., cv. Bearss) jóvenes (3 años de edad) cultivados en meseta y sin meseta en la finca experimental del CEBAS-CSIC en Murcia. Durante el ensayo se aplicaron dos tratamientos de riego: Control y Sequía. Los árboles del tratamiento Control fueron regados al 100% de la ETc, mientras que los árboles del tratamiento Sequía fueron sometidos a supresión del riego durante 48 días y regados al 100% de la ETc durante el período de recuperación. El estado hídrico del suelo se determinó en continuo con sensores de contenido volumétrico de agua (θv) y de potencial matricial (Ψm). El estado hídrico de la planta se evaluó con medidas discretas del potencial hídrico de tallo (Ψtallo) y de intercambio gaseoso: fotosíntesis neta (Fn) y conductancia estomática (gs). Durante el ensayo las condiciones meteorológicas del otoño propiciaron el desarrollo de un estrés hídrico ligero. El estado hídrico de los árboles del tratamiento Control no mostró diferencias significativas entre los sistemas de cultivo evaluados. Los árboles sometidos a sequía, sin embargo, registraron una disminución progresiva de θv y Ψm, así como del Ψtallo (que fue significativa tras dos semanas de estrés). Se observaron ligeras reducciones en la Fn y en la gs pero con una gran variabilidad en sus medidas. El cultivo en meseta no afectó significativamente al comportamiento de los indicadores estudiados. El registro continuo y en tiempo real del estado hídrico del suelo facilitó la identificación del inicio y de la recuperación del estrés hídrico en la planta. El uso combinado del contenido volumétrico de agua en el suelo y de su potencial matricial permite tomar decisiones de manejo del riego con mayor precisión

Evaluation of the Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Clinical Course of Migraine

Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated that emotional stress, changes in lifestyle habits and infections can worsen the clinical course of migraine. We hypothesize that changes in habits and medical care during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown might have worsened the clinical course of migraine. Design: Retrospective survey study collecting online responses from migraine patients followed-up by neurologists at three tertiary hospitals between June and July 2020. Methods: We used a web-based survey that included demographic data, clinical variables related with any headache (frequency) and migraine (subjective worsening, frequency, and intensity), lockdown, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Results: The response rate of the survey was 239/324 (73.8%). The final analysis included 222 subjects. Among them, 201/222 (90.5%) were women, aged 42.5 ± 12.0 (mean±SD). Subjective improvement of migraine during lockdown was reported in 31/222 participants (14.0%), while worsening in 105/222 (47.3%) and was associated with changes in migraine triggers such as stress related to going outdoors and intake of specific foods or drinks. Intensity of attacks increased in 67/222 patients (30.2%), and it was associated with the subjective worsening, female sex, recent insomnia, and use of acute medication during a headache. An increase in monthly days with any headache was observed in 105/222 patients (47.3%) and was related to symptoms of post-traumatic stress, older age and living with five or more people. Conclusions: Approximately half the migraine patients reported worsening of their usual pain during the lockdown. Worse clinical course in migraine patients was related to changes in triggers and the emotional impact of the lockdown. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Pain Medicine