Effects Of Daily Morphine Administration And Deprivation On Choice And Demand For Remifentanil And Cocaine In Rhesus Monkeys

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96717/1/jeab.2011.95-75.pd

Healing of Psychoses in Transpersonal Understanding

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Nuff Respect for Jamaican Women: On the Experience of Organizing a Celebration of Female Dub Poets

Collaboration

Limits of sensitivity to delayed timeout from avoidance

Session-reduction procedures have been employed to assess molar control of avoidance responding. By conceptualizing session reduction as a delayed timeout from avoidance, the present study investigated the limits of molar control while minimizing several methodological limitations inherent in such procedures. Six times during each session, a two-link chain schedule was superimposed on a baseline schedule of variable-cycle shock avoidance. Completion of the initial link (fixed-ratio 10 schedule) produced a timeout following a signaled delay during which the avoidance schedule remained operative. For most rats, the delay was manipulated across conditions from 0 s to 60 s. Control by the delayed timeout was indicated by elevated initial-link responding relative to baseline avoidance responding. Reliable initial-link elevations were obtained only when the timeout was presented immediately upon the completion of the initial link. These findings cast doubt on previous interpretations of session-reduction as molar reinforcement, and underscore the importance of response-reinforcer contiguity

Traffic analysis of two-lane highways

The analysis of huge rows of traffic data collected loop detectors we can get a lot of information about the traffic conditions of different highway sections. These equipments are able to measure the vehicle speed, following time and of course the traffic volume in different vehicle types. Such a measurement types are the best to choose those sections where catch the maximum value of vehicle traffic. Comparing our regulations to the HCM two basic differences can be noticed. Instead of A - E HCM LOS only two levels are used in Hungarian regulations. The tolerable (F_m) is the design level. The eligible (F_e) is the so called intervention level (when the capacity can only be risen with an intervention). The eligible capacity (2000 pcph) is significantly lower than the capacity of HCM (3200 pcph) recommendation. On the base of our results can be recommended to use the 3200 pcph HCM 2000 recommendation as the possible traffic volume also in Hungary. By these about 30% higher capacity values the network development can be planned more rational

Coronary Disease in Emergency Department Chest Pain Patients with Recent Negative Stress Testing

Background: Cardiac stress tests for diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) are incompletely sensitive and specific.Objective: We examined the frequency of significant CAD in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain who have had a recent negative or inconclusive (<85% of predicted maximum heart rate) cardiac stress test.Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients identified from ED and cardiology registries at the study hospital. We included patients presenting to the ED with a chief complaint of chest pain, with a negative cardiac stress test in the past three years as the last cardiac test, and hospital admission. One-hundred sixty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. Their admission was reviewed for diagnosis of CAD by positive serum troponin, percutaneous coronary intervention, or positive stress test while an inpatient.Results: Of 164 patients, 122 (74.4%, 95% CI 67.7, 81.1) had a negative stress test prior to the index admission, while 42 (25.6%, 95% CI 18.9, 32.3) had otherwise normal but inconclusive stress tests. Thirty-four (20.7%, 95% CI 14.4,27.0) of the included patients were determined to have CAD. Twenty-five of the 122 patients (20.5%, 95% CI 13.3, 27.7) had negative pre-admission stress tests and nine of 42 patients (21.4%, 95% CI 9.0, 33.8) had inclusive stress tests of CAD. A statistical comparison between these two proportions showed no significant difference (p = .973).Conclusion: Due to inadequate sensitivity, negative non-invasive cardiac stress tests should not be used to rule out CAD. Patients with negative stress tests are just as likely to have CAD as patients with inconclusive stress tests. [West J Emerg Med 2010; 11(4):384-388.