"Слово о полку Ігоревім" - важливе джерело вивчення подій ХІ - ХІІ століть на Чернігово-Сіверщині

У статті зроблено аналіз поглядів істориків, літераторів східних, західних, південних слов'ян у процесі перекладів, вивчення змісту «Слова о полку Ігоревім», припущень щодо автора «Слова», досягнень археологів, краєзнавців Чернігівщини з вивчення історії Чернігово-Сіверщини в ХІІ-ХІІІ століттях.В статье сделано анализ взглядов историков, литераторов восточных, западных, южных славян в процессе переводов, изучения содержания «Слова о полку Игореве», предположений относительно автора «Слова», достижений археологов, краеведов Черниговщины по изучению истории Чернигово-Северщины в XII - XIII веках.In the article it has done the analyses of views of historians, specialists of East, West and South Slaves during translating, studying the contest of "The word of Ihor's regiment", suppositions of archeologists, regional ethnographers of Chernihiv Region about learning the history of Chernihiv-Siverian land in XII - XIII centuries

Економіко-правове забезпечення формування та реалізації соціальної політики держави, регіону, міста

У статті визначено потребу послідовного правового забезпечення формування та реалізації соціальної політики в багаторівневій системі управління. Обґрунтовано зміст та особливості соціальної політики залежно від рівня управління. Сформульовано пропозиції з удосконалення соціальної політики держави та її регіонів, виконано їх правову регламентацію

Microscopic and flow cytometric semen assessment of Dutch AI-bucks : effect of semen processing procedures and their correlation to fertility

This study was done to determine the effects of processing techniques on the quality of semen from Dutch AI-bucks with the view on improving pregnancy rates after artificial insemination (AI) with liquid or frozen–thawed semen. Motility of spermatozoa was estimated under a microscope whereas the percentage live spermatozoa and the percentage live spermatozoa with intact acrosomes were determined by means of flow cytometry. Aspects of semen processing that were investigated are storage temperature of liquid semen (i), the effect of glycerol on liquid-stored semen (ii), removal of seminal plasma (iii) and type of extender (iv). The correlation between semen quality and fertility rates in inseminated does was also investigated. The percentage motile spermatozoa in semen stored in liquid form for 72 h progressively declined over time, irrespective of whether storage occurred at 4 or 18 °C. The percentage motile spermatozoa in semen stored at 18 °C was similar to that in semen stored at 4 °C if stored for 24 h but lower if stored for 48 h. Goats differ in the sensitivity of their spermatozoa to the deleterious effects of glycerol. Neither the removal of seminal plasma nor the type of extender had any effect on semen quality before freezing but semen frozen in a Tris–citric acid-glucose (TCG) buffer with egg yolk without removal of the seminal plasma had better quality after thawing than semen frozen in another diluent or after removal of seminal plasma. Remarkably no significant correlation between fertility and membrane integrity of spermatozoa could be found. Thus, although integrity assays for spermatozoa are useful to asses resistance to semen handling, the validity of these assays for predicting fertility is questioned.The authors acknowledge the contributions of the Dutch Goat AI Co-operation (GKN) by granting us access to their breeding bucks and thereby facilitating this research. This study was performed as part of the EU-supported projects: CRAFT FA-S2-9207 to strengthen the European goat industry by developing a new reproduction strategy, including the distribution of kidding during the year and AITECH for dissemination of Animal Insemination Technology for goats in Europe (Contract No. QLK5-CT-2002-30252)

Safeguarding Female Reproductive Health against Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals : The FREIA Project

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 825100.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Male Infertility: Shining a Light on Lipids and Lipid-Modulating Enzymes in the Male Germline

Despite the prevalence of male factor infertility, most cases are defined as idiopathic, thus limiting treatment options and driving increased rates of recourse to assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Regrettably, our current armory of ARTs does not constitute therapeutic treatments for male infertility, thus highlighting an urgent need for novel intervention strategies. In our attempts to fill this void, we have come to appreciate that the production of pathological levels of oxygen radicals within the male germline are a defining etiology of many idiopathic infertility cases. Indeed, an imbalance of reactive oxygen species can precipitate a cascade of deleterious sequelae, beginning with the peroxidation of membrane lipids and culminating in cellular dysfunction and death. Here, we shine light on the importance of lipid homeostasis, and the impact of lipid stress in the demise of the male germ cell. We also seek to highlight the utility of emerging lipidomic technologies to enhance our understanding of the diverse roles that lipids play in sperm function, and to identify biomarkers capable of tracking infertility in patient cohorts. Such information should improve our fundamental understanding of the mechanistic causes of male infertility and find application in the development of efficacious treatment options

Sperm preparation for fertilization

Description This book contains 19 chapters that discuss theoretical and applied andrology for domestic, zoo and wild animals. Topics include semen and its constituents; sperm production and harvest; determinants of sperm morphology; sperm preparation for fertilization; practical aspects of semen cryopreservation; evaluation of semen in the andrology laboratory; genetic aspects of male reproduction; emerging techniques and future development of semen evaluation and handling and applied andrology in cats, dogs, fowls, turkeys, sheep, goats, cervids, horses, cattle, zebu, buffaloes, pigs, camelids, zoo animals and wild animals. It will be of use for those teaching animal physiology at a tertiary level and a reference for those interested in male animal reproductive evaluation, performance and in semen evaluation, handling and use for artificial breeding

Dynamic regulation of sperm interactions with the zona pellucida prior to and after fertilisation

Recent findings have refined our thinking on sperm interactions with the cumulus–oocyte complex (COC) and our understanding of how, at the molecular level, the sperm cell fertilises the oocyte. Proteomic analyses has identified a capacitation-dependent sperm surface reordering that leads to the formation of functional multiprotein complexes involved in zona–cumulus interactions in several mammalian species. During this process, multiple docking of the acrosomal membrane to the plasma membrane takes place. In contrast with the dogma that the acrosome reaction is initiated when spermatozoa bind to the zona pellucida (ZP), it has been established recently that, in mice, the fertilising spermatozoon initiates its acrosome reaction during its voyage through the cumulus before it reaches the ZP. In fact, even acrosome-reacted mouse spermatozoa collected from the perivitelline space can fertilise another ZP-intact oocyte. The oviduct appears to influence the extracellular matrix properties of the spermatozoa as well as the COC. This may influence sperm binding and penetration of the cumulus and ZP, and, in doing so, increase monospermic while decreasing polyspermic fertilisation rates. Structural analysis of the ZP has shed new light on how spermatozoa bind and penetrate this structure and how the cortical reaction blocks sperm–ZP interactions. The current understanding of sperm interactions with the cumulus and ZP layers surrounding the oocyte is reviewed with a special emphasis on the lack of comparative knowledge on this topic in humans, as well as in most farm mammals.</jats:p