Serial pathologic fractures of five long bones on four separate occasions in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism, challenges of management in a developing country: a case report

Multiple pathologic fractures secondary to parathyroid adenoma is rarely recognized and reported in the tropics. Inadequate evaluation causes worsened disability and increased psychological stress. We present a 27-year-old Nigerian male student with recurrent unexplained pathological fractures of the long bones. Primary Hyperparathyroidism was later diagnosed and he benefited from a unilateral parathyroidectomy. Primary hyperparathyroidism secondary to parathyroid adenoma is difficult to diagnose and needs a high index of suspicion. Surgery and good  postoperative biochemical control of serum calcium produce satisfying outcomesKey words: Pathologic fractures, parathyroid adenoma, Primary Hyperparathyroidism, serum calcium, surger

Effect of rice husk ash properties on the early age and long term strength of mortar

This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of chemical composition and physical properties of rice husk ash (RHA) on the strength of mortar. The aim of this investigation was to establish the optimal RHA replacement levels as blending component in cement. Four different types of RHA (A, B, C and D) were used of which RHA-C and D had the highest content of amorphous silica. Compressive and tensile strength and workability of the mixes were compared with control OPC samples. Results show that the early age (7days) strength of RHA blended mortar samples was lower than the compressive and tensile strength of the OPC control samples. However, the 28 day strength of samples with up to 20% RHA-C and RHA- D was higher than that of the control samples. The 90 day strength of all blended samples with up to 40% RHA was higher than that of the control samples. RHA-D performed best in the experiments with a compressive strength increase of 16% at 20% RHA replacement and an increase of compressive strength of 8.6% at 40% RHA replacement. The results at 90 days show that cement could be replaced with up to 50% RHA with only a small reduction in strength compared to OPC mortar. From the results it was found that the content of amorphous silica has the biggest influence on the strength of the mortar samples while the workability was higher for samples with finer grained RHA

Abrasion resistance and compressive strength of unprocessed rice husk ash concrete

This paper investigates the effects of adding natural rice husk ash collected from uncontrolled burning and without previous grinding (NRHA) as cement replacement in concrete. To obtain an adequate particle size, NRHA was mixed with coarse aggregate for a convenient period of time before adding the other components. Compressive strength, water absorption, porosity, and abrasion resistance expressed as weight loss were examined. Test results show that decreasing the particle size through mixing with coarse aggregate improved the compressive strength, reduced the permeability, and increased the abrasion resistance of concrete. By mixing NRHA with aggregate for 8 min, abrasion resistance improved by 10.35 and 23.62% over the control concrete at 28 and 91 days, respectively. Incorporating NRHA in concrete by grinding with coarse aggregate during the mixing process could be suitable for making normal-strength concrete and for applications where abrasion resistance is an important parameter. In addition, using NRHA as a partial replacement cement contributes to the reduction of CO2 emissions due to the production of cement