Design and comparative analysis of single-path and epidemic approaches to information and energy management in wireless sensor networks

Intelligent energy management is a key challenge in Wireless Sensor Networks. The choice of an appropriate routing algorithm constitutes a critical factor, especially in unstructured networks where, due to their dynamic nature, a reactive routing protocol is necessary. Such networks often favour packet flooding to fulfil this need. One such algorithm is IDEALS, a technique proposed in the literature, which balances energy consumed with information delivered. This paper evaluates the use of a single-path solution with IDEALS to increase efficiency. Simulation results comparing the two approaches show that the single-path algorithm outperforms flooding in terms of energy consumption for any network size. Furthermore the benefit of IDEALS is preserved as its combination with the single-path algorithm maximises information throughput

The investigation of heavy metal ion content in rock and coal production

Приведено олгляд методів визначення вмісту важких металів у вугіллі та продуктах вуглевидобутку. Виявлена доцільність використання НВЧ-поля та зниження температури озолення проб для підвищення точності визначення та зниження витрат часу на проведення аналізу.Приведен обзор методов определения тяжелых металлов в угле и продуктах угледобычи. Выявлена целесообразность использования СВЧ-поля и снижения температуры озоления проб для повышения точности определения и уменьшения затрат времени на проведения анализа.A review over the methods of heavy metals determination in coal and products of coal mining is present. Expediency of the use of microwave and declines of temperature for ash tests is educed for the exactness increase of determination and diminishing time for analysis

Variational study of the Holstein polaron

The paper deals with the ground and the first excited state of the polaron in the one dimensional Holstein model. Various variational methods are used to investigate both the weak coupling and strong coupling case, as well as the crossover regime between them. Two of the methods, which are presented here for the first time, introduce interesting elements to the understanding of the nature of the polaron. Reliable numerical evidence is found that, in the strong coupling regime, the ground and the first excited state of the self-trapped polaron are well described within the adiabatic limit. The lattice vibration modes associated with the self-trapped polarons are analyzed in detail, and the frequency softening of the vibration mode at the central site of the small polaron is estimated. It is shown that the first excited state of the system in the strong coupling regime corresponds to the excitation of the soft phonon mode within the polaron. In the crossover regime, the ground and the first excited state of the system can be approximated by the anticrossing of the self-trapped and the delocalized polaron state. In this way, the connection between the behavior of the ground and the first excited state is qualitatively explained.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, PRB 65, 14430

EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR FATIGUE LIFE ENHANCEMENT OF FASTENER HOLES IN D16AT ALUMINUM ALLOY

An evaluation of the effectiveness of three different methods for enhancement of fatigue life of fastener holes in D16AT aircraft Al-alloy has been made. Objects of comparative analysis are the friction stir hole expansion (FSHE), solid mandrel cold working and symmetric cold expansion (SCE) methods. The results are generalized on the basis of fatigue tests, S-N curves obtained, X-ray diffraction and micro-structural analyses. Under the high-cycle fatigue performance, the SCE provides more than 66 times longer fatigue life as compared to solid mandrel method and more than 82 times greater fatigue life in comparison with FSHE method. Through X-ray diffraction analysis it has been found out that the higher efficiency of the SCE method is due to the symmetric distribution (with respect to the plate middle plane) of the introduced residual hoop stresses around the hole. On the other hand, the solid mandrel cold working method causes a significant gradient of the residual stress distribution in the thickness plate direction, which is a precondition for nucleation and propagation of corner fatigue cracks. It has been established that the FSHE method efficiency depends primarily on the heat generated and the equivalent plastic strain size. The combination of these factors determines the beneficial micro-effect of the microstructure modifying immediately around the hole and the useful macro-effect due to the introduced compressive residual stresses. It has been concluded that SCE method should be used for pre-stressing of fastener holes in the most loaded components in the D16AT aircraft structures - wings and fuselage, while FSHE method can be applied for processing of fastener holes in less loaded aircraft components

Microdisk Resonators with Two Point Scatterers

Optical microdisk resonators exhibit modes with extremely high Q-factors. Their low lasing thresholds make circular microresonators good candidates for the realization of miniature laser sources. They have, however, the serious drawback that their light emission is isotropic, which is inconvenient for many applications. In our previous work, we showed that the presence of a point scatterer inside the disk can lead to highly directional modes in various frequency ranges while preserving the high Q-factors. In the present paper we generalize this idea to two point scatterers. The motivation for this work is that the strength of a point scatterer is difficult to control in experiments, and the presence of a second scatterer leads to a higher dimensional parameter space which permits to compensate this deficiency. Similar to the case of a single scatterer in a circular disk, the problem of finding the resonance modes in the presence of two scatterers is to a large extent analytically tractable.

Genetic and functional characterization of the gene cluster directing the biosynthesis of putisolvin I and II in Pseudomonas putida strain PCL1445

Pseudomonas putida PCL1445 secretes two cyclic lipopeptides, putisolvin I and putisolvin II, which possess a surface-tension-reducing ability, and are able to inhibit biofilm formation and to break down biofilms of Pseudomonas species including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The putisolvin synthetase gene cluster (pso) and its surrounding region were isolated, sequenced and characterized. Three genes, termed psoA, psoB and psoC, were identified and shown to be involved in putisolvin biosynthesis. The gene products encode the 12 modules responsible for the binding of the 12 amino acids of the putisolvin peptide moiety. Sequence data indicate that the adenylation domain of the 11th module prioritizes the recognition of Val instead of Leu or Ile and consequently favours putisolvin I production over putisolvin II. Detailed analysis of the thiolation domains suggests that the first nine modules recognize the D form of the amino acid residues while the two following modules recognize the L form and the last module the L or D form, indifferently. The psoR gene, which is located upstream of psoA, shows high similarity to luxR-type regulatory genes and is required for the expression of the pso cluster. In addition, two genes, macA and macB, located downstream of psoC were identified and shown to be involved in putisolvin production or export

A Chebyshev collocation method for solving two-phase flow stability problems

This paper describes a Chebyshev collocation method for solving the eigenvalue problem that governs the stability of parallel two-phase flow. The method is based on the expansion of the eigenfunctions in terms of Chebyshev polynomials, point collocation, and the subsequent solution of the resulting generalized eigenvalue problem with the QZ-algorithm. We concentrate on the question how to handle difficulties that arise when these ¿standard¿ techniques are applied to the stability problem of a thin film of liquid that is sheared by a gas. After discussing this specific problem in detail, it is argued that the method of solution can readily be applied to other two-phase flow configurations as well

Sparticle Spectrum and Dark Matter in M-Theory

The phenomenological implications of the eleven dimensional limit of $M$-theory (strongly coupled $E_8\times E_8$) are investigated. In particular we calculate the supersymmetric spectrum subject to constraints of correct electroweak symmetry breaking and the requirement that the lighest supersymmetric particle provides the dark matter of the universe. The $B$-soft term associated with the generation of a $\mu$ term in the superpotential is calculated and its phenomenology is discussed.Comment: LaTeX file 15 pages,1 figure adde

Harvesting and Electron-Exchange Energy Transfer by d0 Metallocene-based Organized Systems

The present contribution will provide an up-to-date overview of novel experimental and theoretical (de-rived quantum-chemically) knowledge on photonics of group IV metallocene-based systems, also with re-spect to their prominent use in catalysis and photoluminescent sensor activity. We have developed photo-physical approach to study measurable properties of the frontier MOs of the complexes, estimate orbital nature of rare long-lived ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) excited states and also supramolecular interactions between basic components of catalytic systems for polymerization: d0-metal complexes and un-saturated hydrocarbon substrates in fluid systems. In the similar way, the photophysical approach is high-lighted to enable studying fine intermolecular interactions in homogeneous systems with low (catalytic) concentrations of metal complexes that cannot be achieved by other conventional methods. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3539