Nutritional characteristics of meat from lambs fed diets containing mulberry hay

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional characteristics of meat from lambs fed diets containing 0%, 12.5% and 25.0% (dry matter (DM)) mulberry hay as a substitute for the concentrate. Twenty-four feedlot Île-de-France lambs with an average age of 60 days and bodyweight (BW) of 15 kg were fed in individual stalls and slaughtered at 32 kg BW, at approximately 130 days old. The chemical composition of the experimental diets contained, respectively, 584.4, 569.4 and 571.8 g DM/kg; 188.8, 185.1 and 184 g crude protein (CP)/kg and 29.9, 29.5 and 25.5 Mcal/kg DM for the mulberry hay inclusion levels of 0%, 12.5% and 25.0%, with a dietary forage to concentrate ratio of 50 : 50. The chemical composition of the meat was 757.9 g moisture/kg DM, 208.6 g CP/kg DM, 22.9 g crude fat/kg DM and 10.5 g ash/kg DM. Cholesterol concentration (36.07 mg/100 g) in the meat was not influenced by mulberry hay inclusion of the diet. An increase was observed in the concentrations of saturated pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic and arachidic acids; monounaturated heptadecenoic acid; and polyunsaturated α-linolenic, ɣ-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Nervonic and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations responded quadratically, representing 3.7 g/kg and 5.9 g/kg of the meat when mulberry hay was included at 16.98% and 12.56%. Omega-3 acid concentrations increased, while the omega-3 : omega-6 ratio decreased in the meat of mulberry hay-fed animals. Inclusion of mulberry hay in lamb diets increases the amount of desirable fatty acids in their meat, whose nutritional characteristics are improved.Keywords: Chemical composition, fatty acids, feedlot, sheep mea

Individual And Contextual Factors Associated With Malocclusion In Brazilian Children

Objective: To assess the association between the prevalence of malocclusion in Brazilian 12 years-olds with individual and contextual variables. Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted with data from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey-SBBrazil 2010. The outcome studied was malocclusion, categorized as absent, set, severe and very severe. The independent variables were classifi ed as individual and contextual. Data were analyzed using a multilevel model with a 5% signifi cance level. Results: It was found that the prevalence of severe and very severe malocclusion in 12-year-olds did not differ between the Brazilian regions, although variation between the cities was signifi cant (p < 0.001). Male children (p = 0.033), those on lower income (p = 0.051), those who had visited a dentist (p = 0.009), with lower levels of satisfaction with mouth and teeth (p < 0.001) and embarrassed to smile (p < 0.001) had more severe malocclusion. The characteristics of the cities also affected the severity of malocclusion; cities with more families on social benefi ts per 1,000 inhabitants, with lower scores on the health care system performance index and lower gross domestic product per capita were signifi cantly associated with malocclusion. Conclusion: Signifi cant associations between the presence and severity of malocclusion were observed at the individual and contextual level.47SUPPL.3118128Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) Int J Epidemiol., 3 (2), pp. 285-293. , DOI: 10.1093/ije/31.2.285Carvalho, D.M., Alves, J.B., Alves, M.H., Prevalence of malocclusion in schoolchildren with low socioeconomic status (2011) Rev Gaucha Odontol., 59 (1), pp. 71-77Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States, 2005 (2006) MMWR., 55 (5 SS). , Centers for Disease Control and PreventionCons, N.C., Jenny, J., Kohout, F.J., DAI: the dental aesthetic index (1986), Iowa City: College of Dentistry, University of IowaDanaei, S.M., Salehi, P., Association between normative and self-perceived orthodontic treatment need among 12-to 15-year-old students in Shiraz, Iran (2010) Eur J Orthod., 32 (5), pp. 530-534. , DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjp139Dogan, A.A., Sari, E., Uskun, E., Saglam, A.M.S., Comparison of orthodontic treatment need by professionals and parents with different socio-demographic characteristics (2010) Eur J Orthod., 32 (6), pp. 672-676. , DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjp161Hox, J.J., Multilevel analysis: techniques and applications (2002), Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum AssociatesManzanera, D., Montiel-Company, J.M., Almerich-Silla, J.M., Gandía, J.L., Diagnostic agreement in the assessment of orthodontic treatment need using the Dental Aesthetic Index and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (2010) Eur J Orthod., 32 (2), pp. 193-198. , DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjp084Health through oral health: guidelines for planning and monitoring for oral health care (1989), World Health Organization. LondonLevantamento epidemiológico básico de saúde bucal (1991), Organização Mundial da Saúde. 3. ed. São PauloPeres, K.G., Barros, A.J.D., Anselmi, L., Peres, M.A., Barros, F.C., Does malocclusion infl uence the adolescent's satisfaction with appearance? A cross-sectional study nested in a Brazilian birth cohort (2008) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol., 36 (2), pp. 137-143. , DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00382.xPeres, K.G., Peres, M.A., Boing, A.F., Bertoldi, A.D., Bastos, J.L., Barros, A.J.D., Redução das desigualdades na utilização de serviços odontológicos no Brasil entre 1998 e 2008 (2012) Rev Saude Publica., 46 (2), pp. 250-259. , DOI: 10.1590/S0034-89102012000200007Pertesen, P.E., The World Oral Health Report, 2003 (2003) Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21 st century-the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programe. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol., 31 (SUPPL.1), pp. 3-24Roncalli, A.G., Unfer, B., Costa, I.C.C., Arcieri, R.M., Guimarães, L.O.C., Saliba, N.A., Levantamentos epidemiológicos em saúde bucal: análise da metodologia proposta pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (1998) Rev Bras Epidemiol., 1 (2), pp. 177-189. , DOI: 10.1590/S1415-790X1998000200008Singer, J.D., Using SAS proc mixed to fi t multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models (1998) J Educ Behav Stat., 24 (4), pp. 323-355Tellez, M., Sohn, W., Burt, B.A., Ismail, A.I., Assessment of the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and dental caries severity among low-income African-Americans: a multilevel approach (2006) J Public Health Dent., 66 (1). , DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2006.tb02548.xThomaz, E.B.A., Cangussu, M.C.T., Assis, M.O., Maternal breastfeeding, parafunctional oral habits and malocclusion in adolescents: A multivariate analysis (2012) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol., 76 (4), pp. 500-506. , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.01.005Tomita, N.E., Sheiham, A., Bijella, V.T., Franco, L.J., Relação entre determinantes socioeconômicos e hábitos bucais de risco para más-oclusões em préescolares (2000) Pesq Odont Bras., 14 (2), pp. 169-175. , DOI: 10.1590/S1517-74912000000200013Xiao-Ting, L., Tang, Y., Huang, X.L., Wan, H., Chen, Y.X., Factors infl uencing subjective orthodontic treatment need and culture-related differences among Chinese natives and foreign inhabitants (2010) Int J Oral Sci., 2 (3), pp. 149-157. , DOI: 10.4248/IJOS10050Watt, R.G., Emerging theories into the social determinants of health: implications for health promotion (2002) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol., 30 (4), pp. 241-247. , DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300401.xZanini, R.R., Moraes, A.B., Giugliani, E.R.J., Riboldi, J., Determinantes contextuais da mortalidade neonatal no Rio Grande do Sul por dois modelos de análise (2011) Rev Saude Publica., 45 (1), pp. 79-89. , DOI: 10.1590/S0034-8910201100010000

MEANDS: A Many-objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Non-dominated Decomposed Sets applied to multicast routing

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Female Hormones Fluctuation And Chewing Movement Of Patients With Disc Displacement

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the influence of hormonal fluctuations on chewing movement in women with disc displacement (DD). Methods: Fourteen women with DD taking oral contraceptives (OC); 12 DD-free controls taking OC; 12 normally cycling women with DD; and 14 DD-free normally cycling women were included. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders diagnosed DD, and subjects without pain were selected. Chewing movements were recorded using a kinesiograph. Dependent variables were: vertical, lateral, and anterior-posterior amplitudes (mm), opening and closing velocity (mm/s), which was evaluated in 4 phases of 3 menstrual cycles, identified by ovulation test. Data were submitted to Mauchly's sphericity test, Proc Mixed for repeated measures, and Tukey-Kramer test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Comparisons among menstrual cycle phases showed no differences in vertical (P = 0.25), lateral (P = 0.12), and anterior-posterior amplitudes (P = 0.61); as well as opening (P = 0.57) or closing velocity (P = 0.73). The OC use or presence of DD did not influence the variables (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Hormonal fluctuation did not influence chewing mandibular movement of women with DD. © 2011 Garcia et al.2712025Tasaki, M.M., Westesson, P.L., Isberg, A.M., Ren, Y.F., Tallents, R.H., Classification and prevalence of temporomandibular joint disk displacement in patients and symptom-free volunteers (1996) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 109, pp. 249-262Katzberg, R.W., Westesson, P.L., Tallents, R.H., Drake, C.M., Anatomic disorders of the temporomandibular joint disc in asymptomatic subjects (1996) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 54, pp. 147-153Bisii, M.A., Chaves, K.D.B., Puricelli, E., Ponzoni, D., Martins, E.A., Relationship between sounds and disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint using magnetic resonance imaging (2010) Rev Odonto Ciênc, 25, pp. 37-41Sato, S., Goto, S., Takanezawa, H., Kawamura, H., Motegi, K., Electromyographic and kinesiographic study in patients with nonreducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint (1996) Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics, 81 (5), pp. 516-521Nielsen, I.L., Marcel, T., Chun, D., Miller, A.J., Patterns of mandibular movements in subjects with craniomandibular disorders (1990) J Prosthet Dent, 63, pp. 202-217Sato, S., Nasu, F., Motegi, K., Analysis of kinesiograph recordings and masticatory efficiency after treatment of non-reducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint (2003) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 30 (7), pp. 708-713. , DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01122.xTsolka, P., Walter, J.D., Wilson, R.F., Preiskel, H.W., Occlusal variables, bruxism and temporomandibular disorders: A clinical and kinesiographic assessment (1995) J Oral Rehabil, 22, pp. 849-856Sinn, D.P., De Assis, E.A., Throckmorton, G.S., Mandibular excursions and maximum bite forces in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (1996) Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 54 (6), pp. 671-679. , DOI 10.1016/S0278-2391(96)90678-3Warren, M.P., Fried, J.L., Temporomandibular disorders and hormones in women (2001) Cells Tissues Organs, 169 (3), pp. 187-192. , DOI 10.1159/000047881LeResche, L., Mancl, L., Sherman, J.J., Gandara, B., Dworkin, S.F., Changes in temporomandibular pain and other symptoms across the menstrual cycle (2003) Pain, 106 (3), pp. 253-261. , DOI 10.1016/j.pain.2003.06.001Wang, J., Chao, Y., Wan, Q., Zhu, Z., The possible role of estrogen in the incidence of temporomandibular disorders (2008) Med Hypotheses, 71, pp. 564-567Janse De Jonge, X.A., Boot, C.R., Thom, J.M., Ruell, P.A., Thompson, M.W., The influence of menstrual cycle phase on skeletal muscle contractile characteristics in humans (2001) Journal of Physiology, 530 (1), pp. 161-166. , DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0161m.xBaltgalvis, K.A., Greising, S.M., Warren, G.L., Lowe, D.A., Estrogen regulates estrogen receptors and antioxidant gene expression in mouse skeletal muscle (2010) PLoS One, 13, pp. e10164Abubaker, A.O., Raslan, W.F., Sotereanos, G.C., Estrogen and progesterone receptors in temporomandibular joint discs of symptomatic and asymptomatic persons: A preliminary study (1993) Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 51 (10), pp. 1096-1100Gage, J.P., Mechanisms of disc displacement in the temporomandibular joint (1989) Aust Dent J, 34, pp. 427-436Dworkin, S.F., Leresche, L., Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: Review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique (1992) J Craniomandib Disord, 6, pp. 301-355Karageanes, S.J., Blackburn, K., Vangelos, Z.A., The association of the menstrual cycle with the laxity of the anterior cruciate ligament in adolescent female athletes (2000) Clin J Sport Med, 10, pp. 162-168Gonçalves, T.M.S.V., Sanchez-Ayala, A., Ambrosano, G.M.B., Rodrigues Garcia, R.C.M., Female hormonal fluctuation and masticatory function in patients with disc displacement - A case-control study (2011) Int J Prosthodont, 24, pp. 320-327Barciela Castro, N., Fernandez Varela, J.M., Martin Biedma, B., Rilo Pousa, B., Suarez Quintanilla, J., Gonzalez Bahillo, J., Varela Patino, P., Analysis of the area and length of masticatory cycles in male and female subjects (2002) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 29 (12), pp. 1160-1164. , DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00992.xSzklo, M., Nieto, F.J., (2006) Epidemiology beyond the Basics, , 2sd ed. Gaithersburg: MarylandCelic, R., Jerolimov, V., Zlataric, D.K., Klaic, B., Measurement of mandibular movements in patients with temporomandibular disorders and in asymptomatic subjects (2003) Collegium Antropologicum, 27 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 43-49Coyne, C., Muscle tension and its relation to symptoms in the premenstruum (1983) Res Nurs Health, 6, pp. 199-205Ow, R.K.K., Carlsson, G.E., Karlsson, S., Relationship of masticatory mandibular movements to masticatory performance of dentate adults: A method study (1998) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 25 (11), pp. 821-829Lund, J.P., Donga, R., Widmer, C.G., Svensson, P., Reduction adaptation model: A discussion of the relationship between chronic musculoskeletal pain and motor activity (1991) Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 69, pp. 683-694Hirsch, C., John, M.T., Lautenschlager, C., List, T., Mandibular jaw movement capacity in 10-17-yr-old children and adolescents: Normative values and the influence of gender, age, and temporomandibular disorders (2006) European Journal of Oral Sciences, 114 (6), pp. 465-470. , DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00402.