4 research outputs found
Expected selection efficiency for resistance to cacao pod rot (Phytophthora palmivora) comparing leaf disc inoculations with field observations
D\ue9termination de l\u2019\ue2ge optimal en p\ue9pini\ue8re des plants de cacaoyer pour une meilleure r\ue9ussite au champ
Cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L.) is mainly grown in the tropical regions
of Central and South America, Asia and Africa. The plant is
commercially exploited for production of seeds, primarily for the
manufacture of chocolate. The objective of this study was to determine
the optimal age in cocoa seedlings that result in a better success rate
after transplanting in the field. Seedlings aged 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8
months were evaluated for performance in the field. The studied
parameters were mortality rate, growth and production. The results
obtained showed that the 5-month-old plants in the nursery had the
highest survival rate after transplantation (77%), and their
half-yearly increases in diameter and height were the highest. The
results showed that at 8 months after planting, crowning rates that
were about 10% increased to more than 80% for plants 5, 6 and 7 months
after two years in the field. Regarding the production parameters, the
results followed similar pattern to that described above. After two
years of planting, the 5-month-old nursery plants had the highest
flowering rate (about 60%), but there was no significant difference in
fruiting with the seedlings. aged 6 and 7 months (approximately 27%).
For plants of 3, 4 and 8 months, this rate remained below 17%. Results
indicated that the optimal age of cocoa plants for a better success in
the field is 5 months.Le cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.) est principalement cultiv\ue9 dans
les r\ue9gions tropicales d\u2019Am\ue9rique centrale et du Sud,
d\u2019Asie et d\u2019Afrique et est exploit\ue9 commercialement
pour la production de graines destin\ue9es principalement \ue0 la
fabrication de chocolat. La pr\ue9sente \ue9tude a eu pour objectif
de d\ue9terminer un \ue2ge optimal en p\ue9pini\ue8re de
cacaoyers (Theobroma cacao L.) permettant un meilleur taux de
r\ue9ussite au champ. Pour ce faire, des plantules \ue2g\ue9es de
3, 4, 5, 6, 7 et 8 mois ont \ue9t\ue9 test\ue9es au champ. Les
param\ue8tres \ue9tudi\ue9s ont \ue9t\ue9 le taux de
mortalit\ue9, les param\ue8tres de croissance et de production. Les
r\ue9sultats obtenus ont montr\ue9 que les plants \ue2g\ue9s de
5 mois en p\ue9pini\ue8re eu ont le plus fort taux de survie
apr\ue8s transplantation (77%). Par ailleurs, leurs accroissements
semestriels en diam\ue8tre et hauteur ont \ue9t\ue9 les plus
\ue9lev\ue9s. Concernant les param\ue8tres de production, les
r\ue9sultats ont montr\ue9 que 8 mois apr\ue8s la plantation les
taux de couronnement qui \ue9taient d\u2019environ 10% sont
pass\ue9s \ue0 plus de 80% pour les plants de 5, 6 et 7 mois
apr\ue8s deux ans au champ. Par contre, les plants \ue2g\ue9s de
3, 4 et 8 mois ont eu des taux de couronnement inf\ue9rieurs \ue0
80%. Au bout de deux ans de plantation, les plants \ue2g\ue9s de 5
mois en p\ue9pini\ue8re, ont eu le taux de floraison le plus
\ue9lev\ue9 (environ 60%) mais il n\u2019y a pas eu de
diff\ue9rence significative au niveau de la fructification avec les
plants \ue2g\ue9s de 6 et 7 mois (environ 27%). Pour les plants de
3, 4 et 8 mois, ce taux est rest\ue9 inf\ue9rieur \ue0 17%. Au vu
de ces r\ue9sultats, l\u2019\ue2ge optimal des cacaoyers pour une
meilleure r\ue9ussite au champ est de 5 mois