Parent–offspring similarity for childhood behavioral inhibition and associations between inhibition and parental care

Few studies have assessed whether offspring resemble their parents regarding behavioral inhibition (BI) and whether inhibition is associated with parenting attitudes. The goals of this article were (1) to establish the associations between retrospectively assessed childhood BI features in parents and current reports of BI in their 12 year-old offspring from a large community sample and (2) to determine whether parental and offspring BI dimensions were associated with the level of parental care. The sample included 453 adolescents (mean age: 12 years) and their 741 biological parents. Analyses of the BI, ‘general fears' and ‘fears at school', dimensions showed that there was specific parent–offspring similarity for each dimension, although the effect sizes were modest, which suggests an important role of nonshared environmental factors in the development of BI. A modest but significant negative association was found between parental care and the fears at school dimension in offspring

The Complement System: A Potential Target for Stroke Therapy

Anti-complement strategies appear to hold great promise for the development of stroke therapeutics. Yet caution should be exercised. It is clear that the complement cascade is a complex and intricate system with widely varied effects, and if any knowledge has been gained from the many failed attempts at translating stroke therapies to the bedside, it is that cavalier application of under-elucidated therapies that leads to wasted resources and the potential for poor patient outcomes

Magnetospheric Science Objectives of the Juno Mission

In July 2016, NASA’s Juno mission becomes the first spacecraft to enter polar orbit of Jupiter and enture deep into unexplored polar territories of the magnetosphere. Focusing on these polar regions, we review current understanding of the structure and dynamics of the magnetosphere and summarize the outstanding issues. The Juno mission profile involves (a) a several-week approach from the dawn side of Jupiter’s magnetosphere, with an orbit-insertion maneuver on July 6, 2016; (b) a 107-day capture orbit, also on the dawn flank; and (c) a series of thirty 11-day science orbits with the spacecraft flying over Jupiter’s poles and ducking under the radiation belts. We show how Juno’s view of the magnetosphere evolves over the year of science orbits. The Juno spacecraft carries a range of instruments that take particles and fields measurements, remote sensing observations of auroral emissions at UV, visible, IR and radio wavelengths, and detect microwave emission from Jupiter’s radiation belts. We summarize how these Juno measurements address issues of auroral processes, microphysical plasma physics, ionosphere-magnetosphere and satellite-magnetosphere coupling, sources and sinks of plasma, the radiation belts, and the dynamics of the outer magnetosphere. To reach Jupiter, the Juno spacecraft passed close to the Earth on October 9, 2013, gaining the necessary energy to get to Jupiter. The Earth flyby provided an opportunity to test Juno’s instrumentation as well as take scientific data in the terrestrial magnetosphere, in conjunction with ground-based and Earth-orbiting assets