277 research outputs found
Studies and pilot projects for carrying out the Common Fisheries Policy. Topic LOT 3. Scientific advice concerning the impact of the gears used to catch plaice and sole
Strangeness Enhancement in and Interactions at SPS Energies
The systematics of strangeness enhancement is calculated using the HIJING and
VENUS models and compared to recent data on , and
collisions at CERN/SPS energies (). The HIJING model is used to
perform a {\em linear} extrapolation from to . VENUS is used to
estimate the effects of final state cascading and possible non-conventional
production mechanisms. This comparison shows that the large enhancement of
strangeness observed in collisions, interpreted previously as possible
evidence for quark-gluon plasma formation, has its origins in non-equilibrium
dynamics of few nucleon systems. % Strangeness enhancement %is therefore traced
back to the change in the production dynamics %from to minimum bias
and central collisions. A factor of two enhancement of at
mid-rapidity is indicated by recent data, where on the average {\em one}
projectile nucleon interacts with only {\em two} target nucleons. There appears
to be another factor of two enhancement in the light ion reaction relative
to , when on the average only two projectile nucleons interact with two
target ones.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures in uuencoded postscript fil
The prospects of innovative agri-environmental contracts in the European policy context: Results from a Delphi study
Innovative agri-environmental contracts are increasingly studied in the literature, but their adoption has been relatively slow and geographically scattered. Action-based agri-environmental measures remain the predominant policy mechanism across Europe. A three-round Policy Delphi study was conducted with policy makers, scientific experts, farmers’ representatives, and NGOs from across 15 different European countries, to investigate how and under which circumstances novel contractual solutions could be implemented more widely. The expert panel perceived result-based and collective contractual elements as the most promising. Although considered beneficial from several aspects, value chain contracts were perceived less relevant to the policy environment. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Pillar 2 measures were highlighted by the experts as the key policy area to implement novel contracts by national or regional authorities, but Pillar 1 eco-schemes, being launched in the CAP 2023–2027, were also considered as a potentially suitable framework for testing and implementation. The Delphi panel envisaged innovative contracts should be adopted by governments in iterative steps and not as a complete substitute for current payment schemes, but rather as an additional incentive to them. Such an incremental approach allows contractual innovations to capitalise on existing best practices. But it also implies the risk that innovative contracts could remain marginal and fail to substantially change farmers’ behaviour, resulting in a failure to improve environmental conditions
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> alpha-toxin inhibits CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell-mediated killing of cancer cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Kaon Production and Kaon to Pion Ratio in Au+Au Collisions at \snn=130 GeV
Mid-rapidity transverse mass spectra and multiplicity densities of charged
and neutral kaons are reported for Au+Au collisions at \snn=130 GeV at RHIC.
The spectra are exponential in transverse mass, with an inverse slope of about
280 MeV in central collisions. The multiplicity densities for these particles
scale with the negative hadron pseudo-rapidity density. The charged kaon to
pion ratios are and
for the most central collisions. The ratio is lower than the same
ratio observed at the SPS while the is higher than the SPS result.
Both ratios are enhanced by about 50% relative to p+p and +p
collision data at similar energies.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Hansenula polymorpha Swi1p and Snf2p are essential for methanol utilisation
We have cloned the Hansenula polymorpha SWI1 and SNF2 genes by functional complementation of mutants that are defective in methanol utilisation. These genes encode proteins similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Swi1p and Snf2p, which are subunits of the SWI/SNF complex. This complex belongs to the family of nucleosome-remodeling complexes that play a role in transcriptional control of gene expression.
Analysis of the phenotypes of constructed H. polymorpha SWI1 and SNF2 disruption strains indicated that these genes are not necessary for growth of cells on glucose, sucrose, or various organic nitrogen sources which involve the activity of peroxisomal oxidases. Both disruption strains showed a moderate growth defect on glycerol and ethanol, but were fully blocked in methanol utilisation. In methanol-induced cells of both disruption strains, two peroxisomal enzymes involved in methanol metabolism, alcohol oxidase and dihydroxyacetone synthase, were hardly detectable, whereas in wild-type cells these proteins were present at very high levels. We show that the reduction in alcohol oxidase protein levels in H. polymorpha SWI1 and SNF2 disruption strains is due to strongly reduced expression of the alcohol oxidase gene. The level of Pex5p, the receptor involved in import of alcohol oxidase and dihydroxyacetone synthase into peroxisomes, was also reduced in both disruption strains compared to that in wild-type cells.
Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and related genera with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs
Neonectria is a cosmopolitan genus and it is, in part, defined by
its link to the anamorph genus Cylindrocarpon. Neonectria
has been divided into informal groups on the basis of combined morphology of
anamorph and teleomorph. Previously, Cylindrocarpon was divided into
four groups defined by presence or absence of microconidia and chlamydospores.
Molecular phylogenetic analyses have indicated that Neonectria
sensu stricto and Cylindrocarpon sensu stricto are
phylogenetically congeneric. In addition, morphological and molecular data
accumulated over several years have indicated that Neonectria sensu
lato and Cylindrocarpon sensu lato do not form a
monophyletic group and that the respective informal groups may represent
distinct genera. In the present work, a multilocus analysis (act,
ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1, tub) was applied to representatives of
the informal groups to determine their level of phylogenetic support as a
first step towards taxonomic revision of Neonectria sensu
lato. Results show five distinct highly supported clades that correspond
to some extent with the informal Neonectria and
Cylindrocarpon groups that are here recognised as genera: (1) N.
coccinea-group and Cylindrocarpon groups 1 & 4
(Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon sensu stricto); (2) N.
rugulosa-group (Rugonectria gen. nov.); (3) N.
mammoidea/N. veuillotiana-groups and Cylindrocarpon group 2
(Thelonectria gen. nov.); (4) N. radicicola-group and
Cylindrocarpon group 3 (Ilyonectria gen. nov.); and (5)
anamorph genus Campylocarpon. Characteristics of the anamorphs and
teleomorphs correlate with the five genera, three of which are newly
described. New combinations are made for species where their classification is
confirmed by phylogenetic data
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